Special Issue of Oceanography on "The Changing Arctic Ocean"

海洋学特刊“变化中的北冰洋”

• 批准号: 2134600
• 负责人: Jennifer Ramarui
• 金额: $ 3万
• 依托单位: Oceanography Society
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-01 至 2023-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2134600&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Special; Issue; Oceanography; Changing; Arctic

The Oceanography Society proposes to publish a special issue of the open-access journal Oceanography entitled “The Changing Arctic Ocean”. The special issue will articulate in clear and compelling language the many ways the Arctic Ocean’s environment and ecosystem are changing due to a warming climate. The proposed special issue will broadly review significant scientific accomplishments in Arctic Ocean research over the past decade and provide a look at future research opportunities. The special issue is organized around changes in: (1) sea ice dynamics, (2) physical oceanography from basin scale to the microscale, (3) pan-Arctic and global linkages, and (4) marine ecosystem processes, as well as (5) how these changes influence geopolitical issues, (6) how these changes cause concern among Arctic Indigenous communities, and (7) how these changes are being assessed through observing systems. Oceanography is an open access journal that strives for clarity and simplicity in language through rigorously peer-reviewed articles that include high-quality scientific graphics and photos to bring topics alive for its readership. The proposed special issue of Oceanography will highlight research addressing how the Arctic Ocean is changing and how those changes are affecting humankind. It will provide a coherent and readable compendium of results from scientific research that can be used as a basis for undergraduate and graduate classroom instruction and discussions, as well as to inform policymakers.Since 2000, the Arctic atmosphere has warmed at more than twice the rate of the global average. This warming has been accompanied by a reduction in Arctic sea-ice extent, multi-year sea ice volume, the seasonal duration of ice cover over portions of the basin and its adjacent shelf seas, as well as the Greenland Ice Sheet. The oceanic response has included a general warming of the upper ocean and changes in wave climatology, circulation, mixing, stratification, and volumetric and property exchanges between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. The physical changes are altering the marine ecosystem, the composition and abundance of various biological communities, and biogeochemical cycling. These changes are concerning to Indigenous coastal communities who foresee threats to their culture through alterations in subsistence food resources, increased coastal erosion rates, and increased safety hazards while hunting or fishing on ice or open water. These communities are also concerned with new impacts arising from a potential increase in marine industrial, tourist, and military activities. Over the past decade, the Arctic science community has responded to these changes and their associated threats to society through advancements in the integration of models and observations, important additions to the Arctic Observing Network systems, and most recently, through the yearlong expedition into the Arctic ice pack under the auspices of the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) project.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

海洋学学会提议出版开放获取的《海洋学》杂志特刊，题为“变化中的北冰洋”。这份特刊将以清晰而令人信服的语言阐明，由于气候变暖，北冰洋的环境和生态系统正在以多种方式发生变化。拟议的特刊将广泛审查过去十年在北冰洋研究方面取得的重大科学成就，并展望未来的研究机会。该特刊围绕以下方面的变化进行编排：（1）海冰动力学，（2）从流域尺度到微观尺度的物理海洋学，（3）泛北极和全球联系，（4）海洋生态系统过程，以及（5）这些变化如何影响地缘政治问题，（6）这些变化如何引起北极土著社区的关注，以及（7）如何通过观测系统评估这些变化。海洋学是一个开放获取的期刊，通过严格的同行评审文章，包括高质量的科学图形和照片，力求语言清晰和简单，为读者带来生动的主题。拟议的《海洋学》特刊将突出研究北冰洋如何变化以及这些变化如何影响人类。它将提供一个连贯和可读的科学研究结果概要，可作为本科生和研究生课堂教学和讨论的基础，并为决策者提供信息。自2000年以来，北极大气的变暖速度是全球平均速度的两倍多。伴随着这种变暖，北极海冰范围、多年海冰量、盆地部分地区及其邻近陆架海的季节性冰盖持续时间以及格陵兰冰盖都有所减少。海洋的反应包括上层海洋的普遍变暖和波浪气候学、环流、混合、分层以及太平洋和大西洋之间的体积和性质交换的变化。物理变化正在改变海洋生态系统、各种生物群落的组成和丰度以及海洋地球化学循环。这些变化与土著沿海社区有关，他们预见到，通过改变维持生计的粮食资源、增加海岸侵蚀率以及在冰上或开放水域狩猎或捕鱼时增加安全危险，他们的文化将受到威胁。这些社区还担心海洋工业、旅游和军事活动可能增加所产生的新影响。在过去十年中，北极科学界对这些变化及其对社会的相关威胁做出了回应，包括在模型和观测的整合方面取得了进展，对北极观测网络系统进行了重要补充，最近，在北极气候研究多学科漂流观测站（MOSAiC）的主持下，该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。