SBIR Phase I: Drone-Delivered AEDs for Treatment of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

这个小型企业创新研究（SBIR）第一阶段项目的更广泛影响是通过创建911集成无人机服务来减少紧急医疗服务（EMS）响应时间并改善院外心脏骤停（OHCA）的患者结局。心脏骤停每年造成超过45万人死亡，是美国第三大死亡原因。在这些死亡中，约有35万人发生在医院外。在美国，OHCA的生存率约为8%-10%，尽管付出了相当大的努力，但这一统计数据在过去三十年中几乎没有变化。改善OHCA结果的解决方案是早期有效的旁观者心肺复苏（例如，胸外按压）和使用自动体外除颤器（AED）进行快速除颤。在有公共可用AED的地区，存活率提高了40%-70%。然而，约70%的OHCAs事件发生在私人住宅中，这些患者无法获得公共获取的AED。无人机可以比地面救护队更快地将AED运送到心脏骤停现场，使旁观者能够及早除颤，从而有可能大幅提高生存率。对EMS响应时间的影响可能是最大的，目前没有得到很好的EMS系统服务的患者，如生活在贫困和少数民族社区的个人。EMS无人机还可以解决其他健康问题，例如为阿片类药物过量提供纳洛酮，以及为出血性休克的临床前治疗提供血液制品。SBIR第一阶段项目解决了创建911集成无人机服务的关键障碍。首先，它开发算法来优化给定性能参数的无人机的空间分布。其次，它将紧急护理无人机响应直接集成到911调度流程中。该系统使用最先进的预测和数据集成解决方案，为911调度员提供实时发射决策支持和资产跟踪功能。其结果是一个准确，快速和可扩展的无人机响应系统。该项目的重点是为院外心脏骤停的受害者提供自动体外除颤器。这项工作中开发的决策支持系统和底层算法可以应用于将无人机服务集成到911响应中的其他用例。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The broader impact of this Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase I project is to reduce emergency medical services (EMS) response times and improve patient outcomes for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) through the creation of a 911-integrated drone service. Sudden cardiac arrest is responsible for more than 450,000 deaths annually and is the third leading cause of death in the United States. Of these deaths, ~350,000 occur outside of the hospital. Survival for OHCA in the U.S. is around 8%-10%, and despite considerable effort this statistic has changed little over the past three decades. The solution to improving OHCA outcomes is early and effective bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (e.g., chest compressions) and prompt defibrillation using an automated external defibrillator (AED). In locations with publicly-available AEDs, survival has increased 40%-70%. However, ~70% of OHCAs events occur in private residence, and public-access AEDs are not available for these patients. Drones can deliver AEDs to the scene of a cardiac arrest more quickly than a ground ambulance team, enabling early defibrillation by bystanders with the potential for substantive improvements in survival rates. The impact on EMS response times will likely be greatest for patients currently not well served by EMS systems such as individuals living in poor and minority neighborhoods. EMS drones can also address other health problems such as delivering naloxone for opioid overdoses and blood products for the pre-clinical treatment of hemorrhagic shock. This SBIR Phase I project addresses critical barriers to creating a 911-integrated drone service. First, it develops algorithms to optimize the spatial distribution of drones given performance parameters. Second, it integrates the emergency care drone response directly into the 911 dispatch process. The system uses state-of-the-art prediction and data integration solutions to provide real-time launch decision support and asset tracking capabilities to the 911 dispatcher. The result is a drone response system that is accurate, fast, and scalable. The project focuses on delivering automated external defibrillators to victims of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. The decision support system and underlying algorithms developed in this work can be applied to other use cases integrating drone services into the 911 response.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.