SBP: Collaborative Research: The impact of naturally occurring and experimentally manipulated interracial contact on social cognition

SBP：协作研究：自然发生和实验操纵的跨种族接触对社会认知的影响

• 批准号: 2141326
• 负责人: Jasmin Cloutier
• 金额: $ 42.09万
• 依托单位: University of Delaware
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-06-01 至 2025-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2141326&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SBP; Collaborative; Research; impact; naturally

Persistent racial tension in the US has led to renewed interest in reducing prejudice along racial lines. A prominent paradigm to address racial bias has been to create opportunities for people of different races to have contact with each other. Interracial contact can be an efficient intervention, but it is unlikely to work as intended without a firm understanding of the exact conditions that reduce racial bias. How deep must contact be? Is it sufficient for people in one group to merely see those of other groups, without any effort to recognize each person (i.e., mere exposure)? Is it necessary to see individuals frequently enough to recognize them without knowing anything else about them (i.e., perceptual individuation)? Or is it essential to interact with someone enough to acquire personal information about them (i.e., knowledge-based individuation)? This project provides a rigorous analysis of these three forms of interracial contact to test whether the extent of contact – while holding constant positivity of contact – can influence peoples' perceptions and evaluations of others, which can have downstream consequences for reducing racial prejudice.The primary aim of this project is to examine how different forms of contact shape racial bias on visual perception of faces, spontaneous judgments, evaluations, and beliefs. Study 1 tests how naturally occurring experiences of interracial contact over a lifetime account for the categorization and evaluation of racial information and for beliefs about other racial groups. Study 2 examines the same categorizations, evaluations, and beliefs, while experimentally manipulating the type of exposure to others. Study 3 utilizes pupillometry and eye-tracking methods to indicate the salience of others' faces after having different forms of contact. Together these studies stand to transform our understanding of whether, how, and why interracial contact could be an effective way to reduce racial prejudice.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

美国持续存在的种族紧张局势引发了人们对减少种族偏见的新兴趣。解决种族偏见的一个突出范例是为不同种族的人创造相互接触的机会。跨种族接触可以是一种有效的干预措施，但如果没有充分了解减少种族偏见的确切条件，它就不可能发挥预期作用。接触深度必须有多深？一个群体中的人们仅仅看到其他群体的人而不需要任何努力来识别每个人（即仅仅暴露）就足够了吗？是否有必要经常见到某个人，以便在不了解他们的任何其他信息的情况下认出他们（即感知个性化）？或者是否有必要与某人进行足够的互动以获取有关他们的个人信息（即基于知识的个性化）？该项目对这三种形式的跨种族接触进行了严格的分析，以测试接触的程度（在保持接触的持续积极性的同时）是否会影响人们对他人的看法和评价，从而对减少种族偏见产生下游影响。该项目的主要目的是研究不同形式的接触如何在面部视觉感知、自发判断、评估和信仰方面形成种族偏见。研究 1 测试了一生中自然发生的跨种族接触经历如何解释种族信息的分类和评估以及对其他种族群体的信念。研究 2 检查了相同的分类、评估和信念，同时通过实验操纵与他人接触的类型。研究 3 利用瞳孔测量和眼球追踪方法来指示在不同形式的接触后他人面部的显着程度。这些研究共同将改变我们对跨种族接触是否、如何以及为何能够成为减少种族偏见的有效方法的理解。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。