CAREER: Universal Dynamics of Many-Body Quantum Systems Far from Equilibrium

该奖项的部分资金来自2021年美国救援计划法案（公法117-2）。非技术性总结该奖项支持综合研究，教育和推广活动，重点是量子多体系统的普遍动力学，远离平衡。普适性在物理现象中无处不在：磁体和液体，虽然非常不同的系统，但在相变附近受相同的原理支配。虽然普适性的概念在平衡态中已经得到了很好的确立，但由于非平衡态量子系统的多样性和丰富的动力学特性，其普适性在很大程度上仍然是难以捉摸的。在这个项目中，PI和他的团队将研究孤立量子系统和与环境耦合的开放量子系统的两种一般设置。后者不仅是实现物质新相的新范式，也是量子计算的领先平台。研究团队将重新审视统计力学的原理，并将其扩展到远离平衡的量子系统，利用与量子信息的联系，并与实验小组密切合作，以实现实验中新兴的宇宙动力学。研究成果将与研究活动协同作用，使从经典非平衡统计力学到量子信息科学与技术的其他学科受益。除了在研究项目中培训研究生和本科生外，该奖项还支持PI对公众的推广活动。其中包括：（一）组织“薛定谔的猫进城了！”一系列的工作坊，汇集了物理学家，艺术家和公众通过密歇根州立大学布罗德博物馆艺术实验室的艺术来交流物理学，以及（ii）互动模拟网站“Bohring Art”的下一阶段的启动，这是一个与底特律科学画廊合作的项目，将向年轻的科学爱好者传达量子物理学的现代面貌。教育和外联活动侧重于远离平衡的量子多体系统的普遍动力学。非平衡多体量子系统是特别具有挑战性的研究系统：它们有着惊人的多样性;它们通常表现出有效的经典行为;总体平衡范式，如时间反演对称性，波动耗散关系，量子到经典映射，远离平衡是不可用的;并且超过一维或小系统，精确的数值技术是非常困难的。这些基本挑战在非平衡量子系统的新时代尤其重要，这是由量子模拟平台的显着进步以及凝聚态系统中的超快实验所提供的。在这个项目中，PI和他的团队将确定远离平衡的量子多体系统的普遍动力学。该研究将针对两种通用的非平衡设置的孤立系统后突然淬火和驱动耗散量子系统的特征在于外部驱动和松弛，由于耦合到环境。后者正在成为量子计算的领先平台，并将成为该项目的重点。PI将扩展非平衡量子多体系统的工具箱，描述逃避有效经典行为的场景，并阐明远离平衡的时间反演的出现。 研究成果将与研究活动协同作用，使从经典非平衡统计力学到量子信息科学与技术的其他学科受益。除了在研究项目中培训研究生和本科生外，该奖项还支持PI对公众的推广活动。其中包括：（一）组织“薛定谔的猫进城了！”研讨会系列，汇集了物理学家，艺术家和公众通过密歇根州立大学布罗德博物馆艺术实验室的艺术交流物理学，以及（ii）推出互动模拟网站“Bohring Art”的下一阶段，这是与底特律科学画廊的合作项目，该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过评估被认为值得支持使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准。

This award is funded in part under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (Public Law 117-2).NONTECHNICAL SUMMARYThis award supports integrated research, education and outreach activities focused on the universal dynamics of quantum many-body systems that are far from equilibrium. Universality is ubiquitous in physical phenomena: a magnet and a liquid, while very different systems, are governed by the same principles near their phase transitions. While the notion of universality is well established in equilibrium, universal aspects of non-equilibrium quantum systems have remained largely elusive, owing to their vast variety and rich dynamics. In this project, the PI and his team will investigate two general settings of isolated quantum systems and open quantum systems coupled to an environment. The latter systems have emerged not only as a new paradigm for realizing novel phases of matter but also as a leading platform for quantum computation. The research team will revisit and extend the principles of statistical mechanics to quantum systems far from equilibrium, using connections to quantum information, and closely collaborating with experimental groups to realize the emerging universal dynamics in experiments. The outcome of the research will benefit other disciplines from classical non-equilibrium statistical mechanics to quantum information science and technology, in synergy with the research activities. In addition to training graduate and undergraduate students in the research projects, this award also supports the PI's outreach activities to the general public. These include (i) the organization of the new phase of the “Schroedinger's Cat is in Town!” workshop series that brings together physicists, artists and the public to communicate physics through art at Michigan State University Broad Museum Art Lab, and (ii) the launch of the next phase of the interactive simulation website “Bohring Art”, which is a collaborative project with Science Gallery Detroit, that will convey the modern face of quantum physics to young science enthusiasts.TECHNICAL SUMMARYThis award supports integrated research, education and outreach activities focused on the universal dynamics of quantum many-body systems that are far from equilibrium. Non-equilibrium many-body quantum systems are particularly challenging systems to study: They come in an astonishing variety; they often exhibit an effectively classical behavior; overarching equilibrium paradigms such as time reversal symmetry, fluctuation-dissipation relations, quantum-to-classical mapping are unavailable far from equilibrium; and beyond one dimension or small systems, exact numerical techniques are extremely difficult. These fundamental challenges are particularly relevant in the new era of non-equilibrium quantum systems, afforded by the remarkable progress in quantum simulation platforms as well as ultrafast experiments in condensed matter systems. In this project, the PI and his team will identify the universal dynamics of quantum many-body systems far from equilibrium. The research will be conducted for two generic non-equilibrium settings of isolated systems after a sudden quench and driven-dissipative quantum systems characterized by an external drive and relaxation due to coupling to environment. The latter is emerging as a leading platform in quantum computation, and will be the larger focus of this project. The PI will expand the toolbox of non-equilibrium quantum many-body systems, characterize scenarios that evade an effectively classical behavior, and elucidate the emergence of time reversal far from equilibrium. The outcome of the research will benefit other disciplines from classical non-equilibrium statistical mechanics to quantum information science and technology, in synergy with the research activities. In addition to training graduate and undergraduate students in the research projects, this award also supports the PI's outreach activities to the general public. These include (i) the organization of the new phase of the “Schroedinger's Cat is in Town!” workshop series that brings together physicists, artists and the public to communicate physics through art at Michigan State University Broad Museum Art Lab, and (ii) the launch of the next phase of the interactive simulation website “Bohring Art”, which is a collaborative project with Science Gallery Detroit, that will convey the modern face of quantum physics to young science enthusiasts.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.