CAREER: Closing the Gaps in UWB Localization and Sensing; Algorithms, Architectures, and Prototypes

该项目建议使用一种新的和即将到来的无线技术，称为超宽带无线电，在人类导航尺度上进行室内定位，在室内空间中进行目标跟踪所需的尺度上进行细粒度定位，并通过监测室内空间无线轮廓的干扰进行入侵检测。一些应用可以从这项工作中开发的基础结构中受益，包括室内导航和制导系统，复杂室内空间中自主代理的定位和导航，跟踪机器人手臂的运动以准确完成任务，以及通过入侵监控和报警系统保护贵重物品。因此，该项目的基础工作预计将影响多个行业，并利用无线技术推进移动计算的定位和传感。这项研究将通过新颖的算法和架构贡献来推进无线定位和传感领域的最新技术，从而产生基于超宽带（UWB）无线电技术的新协议。这项工作包括三个研究重点。首先，它提出了一种无限可扩展的室内定位技术，可以跨越大型室内空间，如购物中心、博物馆、政府大楼等，仅使用少数UWB锚定设备。无限数量的用户可以使用UWB接收器在指定的室内空间内获得自己的位置，这些接收器可以窃听安装的锚定设备发送的信号，而无需传输任何UWB信号，从而确保他们的隐私。在第二个研究重点中，提出了一种细粒度的3D定位思想，该思想利用接收器上的多个天线获得的特定信道模式。将接收到的无线信号的相位进行比较，以在相对较小的空间内提供物体或机械臂的细粒度定位。这样的系统可以在不使用相机的情况下精确跟踪机器人的运动，这在黑暗、尘土飞扬的环境中操作时是一个显著的优势，当相机产生和处理大量数据的需求不可取时。在研究的第三部分，提出了一种入侵检测系统，该系统通过分析无线信道脉冲响应（CIR）中的干扰来监测受保护空间。拟议的系统将允许友好实体自由占用室内空间，但通过忽略友好实体附近的CIR干扰来监测其入侵。总的来说，一个丰富的新应用生态系统有望通过这项工作实现。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This project proposes to use a new and upcoming wireless technology called ultra-wideband radios to perform indoor localization at the human navigation scale, fine-grained localization at the scale required for object tracking in indoor spaces, and for intrusion detection through monitoring of disturbances to the wireless profile of an indoor space. Several applications can benefit from the underlying constructs developed in this work, including indoor navigation and guidance systems, localization and navigation for autonomous agents in complex indoor spaces, tracking movements of robotic arms for accurate task completion as well as for compliance, and protection of valuables through intrusion monitoring and alarm systems. Thus, the fundamental work in this project is expected to impact several industries and advance mobile computing using wireless technology for localization and sensing.This research will advance the state-of-the-art in wireless localization and sensing through novel algorithmic and architectural contributions leading to new protocols based on ultra-wideband (UWB) radio technology. This work comprises three research thrusts. In the first, it proposes to enable an infinitely scalable indoor localization technology that can span large indoor spaces, such as shopping malls, museums, government buildings, etc. using only a few UWB anchor devices. An unlimited number of users can derive their own location inside provisioned indoor spaces using UWB receivers that overhear signals sent by installed anchor devices, without transmitting any UWB signal, thereby ensuring their privacy. In the second research thrust, a fine-grained 3D localization idea is proposed which exploits specific channel patterns obtained using multiple antennas at a receiver. The phase of the received wireless signals is compared to provide fine-grained localization of objects or robotic arms in a relatively small space. Such a system can track exact robotic movements without using cameras, a significant advantage when operating in dark, dusty environments, and when the large amount of data produced and processing needs of cameras are not desirable. In the third research thrust, an intrusion detection system is proposed which monitors a protected space by analyzing disturbances in the wireless channel impulse response (CIR). The proposed system would allow friendly entities to freely occupy an indoor space and yet monitor it for intrusions by ignoring CIR disturbances in the vicinity of the friendly entity. Overall, a rich ecosystem of new applications is expected to be enabled by this work.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.