CAREER: Closing the Gaps in UWB Localization and Sensing; Algorithms, Architectures, and Prototypes

该项目建议使用一种名为超宽带无线电的新的和即将到来的无线技术来执行人类导航规模的室内定位，在室内空间中进行目标跟踪所需的细粒度定位，并通过监控对室内空间无线轮廓的干扰来进行入侵检测。一些应用可以受益于这项工作中开发的基本结构，包括室内导航和导航系统、复杂室内空间中自主代理的定位和导航、跟踪机械臂的运动以准确完成任务以及合规，以及通过入侵监测和警报系统保护贵重物品。因此，该项目的基础工作有望影响几个行业，并利用无线技术进行定位和传感，推动移动计算的发展。这项研究将通过新的算法和架构贡献，导致基于超宽带(UWB)无线电技术的新协议，促进无线定位和传感的最新水平。这项工作包括三个研究推动力。首先，它建议实现一种无限可扩展的室内定位技术，该技术可以跨越大型室内空间，如购物中心、博物馆、政府大楼等，只需使用几个超宽带锚定设备。无限数量的用户可以使用UWB接收器在预留的室内空间内得出他们自己的位置，UWB接收器偷听安装的锚定设备发送的信号，而不传输任何UWB信号，从而确保他们的隐私。在第二个研究方向中，提出了一种细粒度的3D定位思想，它利用在接收器处使用多个天线获得的特定信道方向图。对接收到的无线信号的相位进行比较，以在相对较小的空间中提供对象或机械臂的细粒度定位。这样的系统可以在不使用摄像头的情况下跟踪机器人的精确运动，当在黑暗、尘土飞扬的环境中操作时，以及当摄像头产生的大量数据和处理需求不受欢迎时，这是一个显著的优势。在第三个研究方向中，提出了一种入侵检测系统，该系统通过分析无线信道脉冲响应(CIR)中的干扰来监控受保护的空间。拟议的系统将允许友好实体自由占用室内空间，但通过忽略友好实体附近的CIR干扰来监测其入侵。总体而言，这项工作有望实现一个丰富的新应用生态系统。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This project proposes to use a new and upcoming wireless technology called ultra-wideband radios to perform indoor localization at the human navigation scale, fine-grained localization at the scale required for object tracking in indoor spaces, and for intrusion detection through monitoring of disturbances to the wireless profile of an indoor space. Several applications can benefit from the underlying constructs developed in this work, including indoor navigation and guidance systems, localization and navigation for autonomous agents in complex indoor spaces, tracking movements of robotic arms for accurate task completion as well as for compliance, and protection of valuables through intrusion monitoring and alarm systems. Thus, the fundamental work in this project is expected to impact several industries and advance mobile computing using wireless technology for localization and sensing.This research will advance the state-of-the-art in wireless localization and sensing through novel algorithmic and architectural contributions leading to new protocols based on ultra-wideband (UWB) radio technology. This work comprises three research thrusts. In the first, it proposes to enable an infinitely scalable indoor localization technology that can span large indoor spaces, such as shopping malls, museums, government buildings, etc. using only a few UWB anchor devices. An unlimited number of users can derive their own location inside provisioned indoor spaces using UWB receivers that overhear signals sent by installed anchor devices, without transmitting any UWB signal, thereby ensuring their privacy. In the second research thrust, a fine-grained 3D localization idea is proposed which exploits specific channel patterns obtained using multiple antennas at a receiver. The phase of the received wireless signals is compared to provide fine-grained localization of objects or robotic arms in a relatively small space. Such a system can track exact robotic movements without using cameras, a significant advantage when operating in dark, dusty environments, and when the large amount of data produced and processing needs of cameras are not desirable. In the third research thrust, an intrusion detection system is proposed which monitors a protected space by analyzing disturbances in the wireless channel impulse response (CIR). The proposed system would allow friendly entities to freely occupy an indoor space and yet monitor it for intrusions by ignoring CIR disturbances in the vicinity of the friendly entity. Overall, a rich ecosystem of new applications is expected to be enabled by this work.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.