CAREER: Optimizing Power Processing for Heterogeneous Energy Storage Systems

美国国家科学基金会CAREER项目旨在通过可持续能源存储实现可持续电力和能源的广泛和公平获取。在全球范围内，二手电动汽车电池的数量呈指数级增长，同时对固定储能的需求也在增长，这是一个可持续性问题。该项目将为将电动汽车（EV）的退役电池用于电网和电动汽车快速充电应用的固定式电池储能（BESS）的技术经济可行性带来革命性的变化。这将通过大幅降低二次使用电池储能系统（2-BESS）的电力处理成本来实现，这一成本目前占总成本的很大一部分。该项目的智力优势包括为使用和优化由二次使用（2U）电动汽车电池组成的电池储能系统中的功率处理的新方法建立理论，算法和硬件基础。该项目的更广泛影响包括可再生能源的广泛渗透，同时保持更强大的电网，降低能源成本，通过可负担性，可用性和可持续性实现公平获取和能源正义；通过缓冲能源、降低电网升级和高峰需求收费的潜在成本，降低快速充电的成本，从而加快电动汽车的扩散；向可能容易受到技术和制造业格局变化、全球危机（如流行病）和社会经济变化影响的劳动力提供高质量和有效的远程/远程学习。虽然二次使用（2U）电动汽车电池的剩余容量约为80%，但其成本效益的挑战在于其特性的多样性，包括在电动汽车中不同的驱动和温度循环，以及潜在的不同化学成分。这导致了它们的能量和功率能力及其降解率的显著变化或异质性。目前处理非均匀性的技术是在每个电池的输出端使用一个电源转换器，这会导致更高的成本和功率损耗。该项目的研究将解决：(1)在较低额定功率下，采用少量不同转换器进行功率处理的设计和优化框架；(2)新型功率处理体系中2- bess的最优控制。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This NSF CAREER project aims to enable widespread and equitable access to sustainable power and energy through sustainable energy storage. Globally, the number of used EV batteries is rising exponentially together with the need for stationary energy storage, which is a concern for sustainability. The project will bring transformative change to the techno-economic feasibility of using retired batteries from electric vehicles (EV) for stationary battery energy storage (BESS) for grid and EV fast charging applications. This will be achieved by dramatically reducing the cost of power processing within a second-use battery energy storage system (2-BESS), which is currently a significant portion of the total cost. The intellectual merits of the project include building the foundation of theory, algorithms, and hardware for a new method for using and optimizing power processing in battery energy storage systems consisting of second-use (2U) EV batteries. The broader impacts of the project include widespread penetration of renewable energy sources while maintaining a more robust grid and reducing the cost of energy, equitable access and energy justice through affordability, availability, and sustainability; faster proliferation of EVs by reducing the cost of fast charging by buffering the energy and reducing the potential cost of grid upgrades and peak demand charges; and providing high-quality and effective, remote/distance learning to a workforce that may be vulnerable to changing technology and manufacturing landscapes, global crises (like pandemics), and shifting socio-economics.Although second-use (2U) EV batteries contain approximately 80% remaining capacity, the challenge in their cost-effective use is the diversity in their characteristics that include different drive and temperature cycles while in the EV and potentially different chemistries. This results in a significant variation or heterogeneity in their energy and power capabilities, and their degradation rates. The current state of the art in handling the heterogeneity is to use one power converter at the output of every battery, leading to higher cost and power losses. The research in this project will address: (1) a design and optimization framework for power processing with few dissimilar converters at lower power ratings; (2) optimal control of 2-BESS in a new power processing architecture.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.