Collaborative Research: ANSWERS: Impacts of Atmospheric Waves and Geomagnetic Disturbances on Quiet-time and Storm-time Space Weather

合作研究：答案：大气波和地磁扰动对平静时期和风暴时期空间天气的影响

• 批准号: 2149696
• 负责人: Christopher Heale
• 金额: $ 7.11万
• 依托单位: Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-05-01 至 2025-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2149696&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; ANSWERS; Impacts; Atmospheric

Space weather refers to the dynamic changes in near-Earth space caused by complex Sun--Earth interactions. Space weather can pose hazards to electric power grids, telecommunications, spacecraft operations, and astronaut health. This project will advance our understanding of how the Earth’s ionosphere—thermosphere (IT) system changes due to the combined effects of solar variability and changes in the Earth’s lower atmosphere, including extreme weather events such as tornadoes. Understanding IT system variability is an essential element to predict space weather. Extensive historical and ongoing observational data and state-of-the-art weather and geospace models will be used in the investigation. Graduate and undergraduate students will be integral to the research efforts. The project will develop an online lecture series on space weather, organize virtual workshops for the public, and leverage existing REU, outreach and broadening participation efforts. The collaboration includes Clemson University, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, New Jersey Institute of Technology, and Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.This project studies variations in Earth’s ionosphere-thermosphere (IT) system due to atmospheric waves from both terrestrial sources (including extreme weather) and geomagnetic disturbances triggered by solar activity. The key science questions are: 1) What is the day-to-day IT variability induced by lower-atmosphere waves and persistent geomagnetic disturbances? How do their relative contributions and underlying mechanisms change with locations? 2) What are the multi-scale IT responses to intense space weather and terrestrial convective events? How do their response characteristics compare? and 3) What are the preconditioning effects of atmospheric waves on the IT response to geomagnetic disturbances? A team of researchers active in the geospace CEDAR and GEM communities will investigate these questions. They will use data from a variety of ground-based and space-borne instruments, develop a high-resolution model coupling a general circulation model with a regional wave model, and utilize data assimilation to improve upon the model drivers. Broader impacts of the project include the potential to advance space weather forecasting by characterizing IT system variability. The project will develop a new space weather curriculum and leverage existing education and outreach programs at the collaborating institutions. ANSWERS projects will advance the nation’s STEM expertise and societal resilience to space weather hazards by filling key knowledge gaps regarding the coupled Sun-Earth system.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

太空天气是指复杂的太阳 - 地球相互作用引起的近地空间的动态变化。太空天气可能会危害电力网格，电信，航天器操作和宇航员健康。该项目将促进我们对地球电离层的理解 - 由于太阳可变性的综合作用和地球较低大气的变化，包括极端天气事件，例如龙卷风等，造成了地球的电离层（IT）系统的变化。了解IT系统变异性是预测空间天气的重要因素。投资将使用广泛的历史和持续的观察数据以及最先进的天气和地理空间模型。研究生和本科生将是研究工作不可或缺的一部分。该项目将开发有关太空天气的在线讲座，为公众组织虚拟研讨会，并利用现有的REU，外展和扩大参与工作。该合作包括克莱姆森大学，恩伯里德航空大学，马萨诸塞州理工学院，新泽西州技术研究所，弗吉尼亚理工学院和州立大学。这项项目研究地球电离层心皮（IT）的变化是由于地面潮流而导致的。关键的科学问题是：1）低源波和持续的地磁疾病引起的日常IT变异性是什么？他们的相对贡献和潜在机制如何随着位置而变化？ 2）对强烈的太空天气和陆地对流事件的多尺度IT响应是什么？他们的响应特征如何比较？ 3）大气波对IT对地磁灾害的反应的预处理是什么？活跃于Geospace Cedar和Gem社区的一组研究人员将调查这些问题。他们将使用来自各种地面和太空式仪器的数据，开发高分辨率模型，将通用循环模型与区域波模型耦合，并利用数据同化来改进模型驱动程序。该项目的更广泛的影响包括通过表征IT系统变异性来推动太空天气预测的潜力。该项目将开发新的太空天气课程，并利用合作机构的现有教育和外展计划。答案项目将通过填补有关耦合的日光浴系统的关键知识差距来提高国家的STEM专业知识和社会弹性对太空天气危害。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响来通过评估来获得的支持。