Collaborative Research: ANSWERS: Impacts of Atmospheric Waves and Geomagnetic Disturbances on Quiet-time and Storm-time Space Weather

合作研究：答案：大气波和地磁扰动对平静时期和风暴时期空间天气的影响

• 批准号: 2149696
• 负责人: Christopher Heale
• 金额: $ 7.11万
• 依托单位: Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-05-01 至 2025-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2149696&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; ANSWERS; Impacts; Atmospheric

Space weather refers to the dynamic changes in near-Earth space caused by complex Sun--Earth interactions. Space weather can pose hazards to electric power grids, telecommunications, spacecraft operations, and astronaut health. This project will advance our understanding of how the Earth’s ionosphere—thermosphere (IT) system changes due to the combined effects of solar variability and changes in the Earth’s lower atmosphere, including extreme weather events such as tornadoes. Understanding IT system variability is an essential element to predict space weather. Extensive historical and ongoing observational data and state-of-the-art weather and geospace models will be used in the investigation. Graduate and undergraduate students will be integral to the research efforts. The project will develop an online lecture series on space weather, organize virtual workshops for the public, and leverage existing REU, outreach and broadening participation efforts. The collaboration includes Clemson University, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, New Jersey Institute of Technology, and Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.This project studies variations in Earth’s ionosphere-thermosphere (IT) system due to atmospheric waves from both terrestrial sources (including extreme weather) and geomagnetic disturbances triggered by solar activity. The key science questions are: 1) What is the day-to-day IT variability induced by lower-atmosphere waves and persistent geomagnetic disturbances? How do their relative contributions and underlying mechanisms change with locations? 2) What are the multi-scale IT responses to intense space weather and terrestrial convective events? How do their response characteristics compare? and 3) What are the preconditioning effects of atmospheric waves on the IT response to geomagnetic disturbances? A team of researchers active in the geospace CEDAR and GEM communities will investigate these questions. They will use data from a variety of ground-based and space-borne instruments, develop a high-resolution model coupling a general circulation model with a regional wave model, and utilize data assimilation to improve upon the model drivers. Broader impacts of the project include the potential to advance space weather forecasting by characterizing IT system variability. The project will develop a new space weather curriculum and leverage existing education and outreach programs at the collaborating institutions. ANSWERS projects will advance the nation’s STEM expertise and societal resilience to space weather hazards by filling key knowledge gaps regarding the coupled Sun-Earth system.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

空间天气是指由复杂的日地相互作用引起的近地空间的动态变化。太空天气会对电网、电信、航天器运行和宇航员健康造成危害。该项目将促进我们对地球电离层-热层（IT）系统如何因太阳变率和地球低层大气变化（包括龙卷风等极端天气事件）的综合影响而发生变化的理解。了解信息技术系统的可变性是预测太空天气的基本要素。广泛的历史和正在进行的观测数据以及最先进的天气和地球空间模型将用于调查。研究生和本科生将是不可或缺的研究工作。该项目将开发一个关于空间天气的在线系列讲座，为公众组织虚拟讲习班，并利用现有的REU、外联和扩大参与努力。合作伙伴包括克莱姆森大学、安柏瑞德航空大学、麻省理工学院、新泽西理工学院、弗吉尼亚理工学院和州立大学。本项目研究地球电离层-热层（IT）系统在地面大气波（包括极端天气）和太阳活动引发的地磁干扰下的变化。关键的科学问题是：1)低层大气波和持续地磁干扰引起的每日IT变化是什么？它们的相对贡献和潜在机制如何随地点而变化？2)对强烈空间天气和地面对流事件的多尺度信息技术响应是什么？他们的反应特征比较起来如何？3)大气波对地磁扰动下IT响应的预处理作用是什么？一组活跃于地球空间CEDAR和GEM社区的研究人员将调查这些问题。他们将使用来自各种地面和太空仪器的数据，开发一个高分辨率模型，将一般环流模型与区域波浪模型耦合起来，并利用数据同化来改进模型驱动程序。该项目的更广泛影响包括通过描述信息技术系统可变性来推进空间天气预报的潜力。该项目将开发一个新的空间天气课程，并利用合作机构现有的教育和外展计划。ANSWERS项目将通过填补有关太阳-地球耦合系统的关键知识空白，提高美国的STEM专业知识和社会对空间天气灾害的适应能力。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。