Collaborative Research: ANSWERS: Ion-Neutral Coupling in Geospace and its Impact on Space Weather

合作研究：答案：地球空间中的离子中性耦合及其对空间天气的影响

• 批准号: 2149781
• 负责人: Juan Martinez Sykora
• 金额: $ 23.23万
• 依托单位: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-05-01 至 2026-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2149781&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; ANSWERS; Ion; Neutral

Plasma (a gas that is hot enough for its constituent atoms to be ionized) is the most abundant state of matter in our solar system and the universe. Understanding how plasma interacts with neutral elements in the atmospheres around the Sun and Earth is important for space weather modeling and prediction. For instance, predicting satellite drag requires knowledge of the density of Earth's thermosphere, which is modified by solar radiation and ions from solar wind. Yet, space weather models sometimes ignore the effects of plasma-neutral interactions or rely on dated models developed using simple experiments. This project will undertake a pioneering laboratory investigation of collisions in plasmas, develop new models for plasma-neutral interaction, and fold them into state-of-the-art space weather models. The team will also create science kits with hands-on activities and instructional materials and distribute them to every elementary school in 21 counties in West Virginia. The project is a collaborative effort between West Virginia University, University of Texas at Arlington, Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Electric Power Research Institute and Spark! Imagination and Science Center in West Virginia.Understanding ion-neutral interactions is important for modeling magnetosphere/ionosphere/thermosphere coupling and the dynamics of the solar chromosphere, which influence space weather. Ion-neutral collision frequency plays a critical role for both Joule heating and ionospheric and chromospheric (ambipolar) conductivity. The project team will conduct a multi-fluid, multi-species laboratory study of ion-neutral coupling, develop a new model for collision frequency for the terrestrial ionosphere, and incorporate ion-neutral coupling in a chromosphere simulation model. The newly developed collision frequency model will be incorporated into the Global Ionosphere Thermosphere Model and the Space Weather Modeling Framework and validated using space-based observations. Wider scientific community participation in this work will be encouraged through two workshops. The research and educational activities will involve postdoctoral researchers, graduate and undergraduate students. ANSWERS projects advance the nation’s STEM expertise and societal resilience to space weather hazards by filling key knowledge gaps regarding the coupled Sun-Earth system.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

等离子体（一种温度高到足以使其组成原子电离的气体）是我们太阳系和宇宙中最丰富的物质状态。了解等离子体如何与太阳和地球周围大气中的中性元素相互作用，对于空间天气建模和预测非常重要。例如，预测卫星阻力需要了解地球热层的密度，而地球热层的密度会受到太阳辐射和太阳风离子的影响。然而，空间天气模型有时忽略了等离子体中性相互作用的影响，或者依赖于使用简单实验开发的过时模型。该项目将对等离子体碰撞进行开创性的实验室研究，开发等离子体中性相互作用的新模型，并将其纳入最先进的空间天气模型。该团队还将制作包含动手活动和教学材料的科学工具包，并将其分发给西弗吉尼亚州21个县的每所小学。该项目是由西弗吉尼亚大学、德克萨斯大学阿灵顿分校、湾区环境研究所、电力研究所和Spark！西弗吉尼亚州的想象与科学中心。了解离子中性相互作用对于模拟影响空间天气的磁层/电离层/热层耦合和太阳色球动力学具有重要意义。离子中性碰撞频率对焦耳加热和电离层和色层（双极性）电导率都起着关键作用。项目组将开展多流体、多物种离子-中性耦合的实验室研究，开发陆地电离层碰撞频率的新模型，并将离子-中性耦合纳入色球模拟模型。新开发的碰撞频率模型将纳入全球电离层热层模型和空间天气模式框架，并利用天基观测进行验证。将通过两个讲习班鼓励科学界更广泛地参与这项工作。研究和教育活动将涉及博士后研究人员、研究生和本科生。ANSWERS项目通过填补有关太阳-地球耦合系统的关键知识空白，提高了美国的STEM专业知识和社会对空间天气灾害的适应能力。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

The Impact of Multifluid Effects in the Solar Chromosphere on the Ponderomotive Force under SE and NEQ Ionization Conditions

SE和NEQ电离条件下太阳色球层多流体效应对质动力的影响

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/acc465
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Martínez-Sykora, Juan;De Pontieu, Bart;Hansteen, Viggo H.;Testa, Paola;Wargnier, Q. M.;Szydlarski, Mikolaj
• 通讯作者: Szydlarski, Mikolaj

Unified fluid theory of the collisional thermal Farley–Buneman instability including magnetized multi-species ions

碰撞热 Farley-Buneman 不稳定性（包括磁化多物质离子）的统一流体理论

• DOI: 10.1063/5.0155500
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Physics of Plasmas
• 影响因子: 2.2
• 作者: Dimant, Y. S.;Oppenheim, M. M.;Evans, S.;Martinez-Sykora, J.
• 通讯作者: Martinez-Sykora, J.

Multifluid Simulation of Solar Chromospheric Turbulence and Heating Due to Thermal Farley–Buneman Instability

法利-布内曼热不稳定性引起的太阳色球层湍流和加热的多流体模拟

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/acc5e5
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Evans, Samuel;Oppenheim, Meers;Martínez-Sykora, Juan;Dimant, Yakov;Xiao, Richard
• 通讯作者: Xiao, Richard