Collaborative Research: Multiparametric Analyses of Volcanic Aerosols and the Effects on Lightning Generation

合作研究：火山气溶胶的多参数分析及其对闪电产生的影响

• 批准号: 2151806
• 负责人: Kimberly Genareau
• 金额: $ 19.19万
• 依托单位: University of Alabama Tuscaloosa
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-04-01 至 2025-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2151806&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Multiparametric; Analyses; Volcanic

This project will determine the role of volcanic ash particles from explosive eruptions and hydrometeor (ice, water, hail, etc.) concentrations on lightning generation. Earth observations, laboratory measurements, and model simulations will be used to track the size and abundance of these particles at the onset of eruption and throughout their transport in the atmosphere to identify relationships with lightning characteristics over time. This project will determine the value of the Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM), onboard the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite series (GOES-16 and -17), for tracking and characterizing volcanic lightning during eruptions, as this tool has been seldom used despite its ability to continuously monitor numerous active volcanoes in the Western Hemisphere, including the U.S.A. This project will launch the careers of several science students at two different Alabama universities and aid scientists at volcano observatories in using GOES satellite data to better assess volcanic hazards following eruptions. Additionally, project results will become part of the lightning exhibit at the Alabama Museum of Natural History in Tuscaloosa, which explains the effects of lightning on materials. Museum staff will develop grade school teaching materials focused on lightning and will freely distribute these materials on their website. In the first analysis of volcanic lightning using the GLM, lightning jumps were identified during the 2018 explosive eruption of Volcan Fuego in Guatemala. Since the 2018 eruption of Fuego, several other volcanoes have erupted and produced lightning within the GOES field of view. To fully diagnose the impact of volcanic emissions on aerosol-cloud microphysical processes and consequently, lightning production, observations, laboratory measurements, and model results will be synthesized, using the following inter-related steps. 1) Identify explosive eruptions that produce lightning within the GOES field of view. 2) Acquire and analyze satellite retrievals of ash plume characteristics (i.e., ash/hydrometeor concentration, grain size) coincident with lightning occurrence. 3) Analyze lightning occurrence from both GLM and ground-based sensors to obtain the most complete picture of lightning activity over the timescale of eruption and specific characteristics (i.e., size, energy, current) of discharge events. 4) Determine if a quantifiable relationship exists between data collected during the second and third steps. 5) Measure ash sample properties in the laboratory to confirm/refute satellite retrievals and calculate variables for input into models. 6) Conduct, revise, and test various model simulations to constrain the explosive eruption source parameters that produce the observed data.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目将确定来自爆炸性喷发和水热电器（冰，水，冰雹等）浓度在闪电中的浓度的作用。地球观测，实验室测量和模型模拟将用于在喷发开始时及其在大气中的整个运输过程中跟踪这些颗粒的大小和丰度，以识别随着时间的推移与闪电特征的关系。该项目将确定地静止闪电映射器（GLM）的价值，在地球上操作性环境卫星系列（GOOS -16和-17），用于跟踪和表征喷发期间火山闪电的跟踪和表征，因为该工具仍然使用了该工具，尽管它能够连续地监视西部的大量启动，包括该项目的众多启动，包括该项目的各种启动。在使用卫星数据中，火山观测员的科学家在喷发后更好地评估火山危害。此外，项目结果将成为塔斯卡卢萨（Tuscaloosa）阿拉巴马州自然历史博物馆的闪电展览的一部分，该博物馆解释了闪电对材料的影响。博物馆工作人员将开发专注于闪电的小学教学材料，并将在其网站上自由分发这些材料。在使用GLM的火山闪电的首次分析中，在2018年危地马拉的Volcan Fuego爆炸期间发现了闪电跳跃。自2018年Fuego爆发以来，其他几个火山在景观范围内爆发并产生了闪电。为了充分诊断火山排放对气雾云的微物理过程的影响，因此，将使用以下相关步骤合成闪电生产，观察，实验室测量和模型结果。 1）确定在视野内产生闪电的爆炸性喷发。 2）获取和分析与闪电发生的卫星检索（即灰分/水材浓度，粒度，晶粒尺寸）。 3）分析从GLM和地面传感器的闪电发生，以在喷发和特定特征（即大小，能量，电流）的时间范围内获得最完整的闪电活动图片。 4）确定在第二步骤和第三步中收集的数据之间是否存在可量化的关系。 5）测量实验室中的灰分样品特性，以确认/反驳卫星检索并计算变量以输入模型。 6）进行，修改和测试各种模型模拟，以限制产生观察到的数据的爆炸性喷发源参数。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子和更广泛影响的审查标准来通过评估来获得支持的。