CAREER: Linking macroecology and traits to predict mycorrhizal fungal dispersal

职业：将宏观生态学和性状联系起来预测菌根真菌的传播

• 批准号: 2205650
• 负责人: Bala Chaudhary
• 金额: $ 71.51万
• 依托单位: Dartmouth College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-12-15 至 2025-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2205650&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Linking; macroecology; traits; predict

Plants rarely live in isolation. In fact, all plants on Earth live in close association with diverse microorganisms that greatly impact plant health. As a result, the microbial communities that associate with plants can have large implications for agriculture, forestry, and ecosystems. Mycorrhizal fungi are among the most common beneficial fungi, mining soil nutrients and delivering them to plants in exchange for sugars. However, the impact they have on plants depends on the type of fungal species present. Environmental factors and dispersal determine microbial community structure, but little is known about how microbes disperse long distances. This CAREER award combines multiple approaches using data science, laboratory, and large-scale field experiments at the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) to study fungal dispersal. This proposal will involve high school students in science activities and improve graduate education in ecological data science. Finally, this project will study barriers that limit the participation of minority students in ecology to develop recommendations to improve recruiting and retention.For nearly 100 years, the "everything is everywhere" hypothesis has dominated microbial ecology, suggesting that microbial dispersal is unlimited and community assembly mechanisms are primarily deterministic. However, certain fungi vary with respect to traits that could impact their long-distance dispersal capabilities. Coupling knowledge of traits with physical laws that govern movement could provide a powerful framework to predict dispersal, a key component of biogeography. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form no aboveground structures, and reproduce via asexual spores with substantially varying traits (e.g. size, surface ornamentation) that are likely to impact long-distance dispersal. The mechanisms and extent of AM fungal dispersal are poorly understood, yet, to manage AM fungal communities for improved symbiotic functioning, taxon-specific information regarding dispersal capabilities is required. This study combines trait-based ecology, macroecology, and physical laws to study aerial dispersal of AM fungi through the following research objectives: 1. Create an AM fungal trait database to examine conservatism among phylogenetic groups in all spore traits that potentially facilitate aerial dispersal, 2. Examine community structure and spore traits of aerial AM fungi at NEON sites and Chicago urban sites to identify eco-climatic properties that predict aerial dispersal, and 3. Compare the observed terminal velocity to that predicted by Stokes's Law for movement of a smooth sphere for AM fungal spores with different morphological traits. This CAREER award will illuminate the thus far speculative role of dispersal in driving continent-scale patterns in microbial biogeography.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

植物很少孤立地生活。事实上，地球上所有的植物都与各种微生物密切相关，这些微生物对植物的健康有很大的影响。因此，与植物相关的微生物群落可以对农业、林业和生态系统产生重大影响。菌根真菌是最常见的有益真菌之一，它们挖掘土壤养分并将其输送给植物以换取糖。然而，它们对植物的影响取决于存在的真菌种类的类型。环境因素和扩散决定了微生物群落的结构，但对微生物如何长距离扩散知之甚少。这个职业奖结合了多种方法，使用数据科学、实验室和国家生态观测网络（NEON）的大规模现场实验来研究真菌的扩散。本提案将使高中生参与科学活动，并改善生态数据科学的研究生教育。最后，该项目将研究限制少数民族学生参与生态学的障碍，以制定建议，以改善招聘和保留。近100年来，“万物无所不在”的假说在微生物生态学中占据主导地位，这表明微生物的扩散是无限的，群落组装机制主要是确定性的。然而，某些真菌在影响其远距离传播能力的性状方面有所不同。将性状知识与支配运动的物理定律结合起来，可以提供一个强大的框架来预测扩散，这是生物地理学的一个关键组成部分。丛枝菌根（AM）真菌不形成地上结构，通过无性孢子繁殖，这些无性孢子具有显著不同的特征（如大小、表面纹饰），可能影响远距离传播。AM真菌扩散的机制和程度尚不清楚，然而，为了管理AM真菌群落以改善共生功能，需要有关扩散能力的分类群特异性信息。本研究结合性状生态学、宏观生态学和物理规律研究AM真菌的空中传播，研究目标如下：1. AM真菌的空中传播；创建AM真菌性状数据库，以检查所有可能促进空中传播的孢子性状在系统发育群体中的保守性，2。2 .研究NEON站点和芝加哥城市站点的空中AM真菌的群落结构和孢子特征，以确定预测空中扩散的生态气候特性；将具有不同形态特征的AM真菌孢子的光滑球体运动的终端速度与Stokes定律预测的终端速度进行比较。这一职业奖将阐明迄今为止在推动微生物生物地理学的大陆尺度模式中扩散的推测作用。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

A scientist by any other name

任何其他名字的科学家

• DOI: 10.1038/s41564-022-01067-2
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Nature Microbiology
• 影响因子: 28.3
• 作者: Chaudhary, V. Bala

Who are we? Highlighting Nuances in Asian American Experiences in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology

我们是谁？

• DOI: 10.1002/bes2.1939
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: The Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America
• 作者: Nguyen, K. H.;Akiona, A. K.;Chang, C. C.;Chaudhary, V. B.;Cheng, S. J.;Johnson, S. M.;Kahanamoku, S. S.;Lee, A.;de Leon Sanchez, E. E.;Segui, L. M.
• 通讯作者: Segui, L. M.

Students of colour views on racial equity in environmental sustainability

有色人种学生对环境可持续性中种族平等的看法

• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Nature sustainability
• 影响因子: 27.6
• 作者: Schusler, Tania M;Espedido, Charlie B;Rivera, Brittany K;Hernández, Melissa;Howerton, Amelia M;Sepp, Kailin;Engel, Malcolm D;Marcos, Jazlyn;Chaudhary, V Bala
• 通讯作者: Chaudhary, V Bala