DISES: Understanding dynamic social-environmental feedbacks in temporary fisheries closures

DISES：了解临时渔业关闭的动态社会环境反馈

• 批准号: 2206739
• 负责人: Anastasia Quintana
• 金额: $ 160万
• 依托单位: University of California-Santa Barbara
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-01-01 至 2027-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2206739&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DISES; Understanding; dynamic; social; environmental

Small-scale fisheries are the ocean’s biggest employers and provide nutrition to billions, but they are threatened by mounting overfishing. The most well-known strategy to manage near-shore fisheries is to implement permanent bans on fishing in marine protected areas. Those closures often fail due to lack of fisher compliance. Temporary closures are often preferred by fishers around the world to rebuild their fisheries. Unfortunately, they are relatively understudied and there is little understanding of the way that ecological and social components of these systems interact. This research studies the interactions between social and ecological dynamics resulting from temporary fisheries closures. This study will explore the interacting social and environmental dynamics in dozens of sites in Mexico and French Polynesia where temporary closures have been implemented. It contributes to sustainable management of small-scale fisheries by building knowledge, capacity, and networks of relevant expertise. The results will directly inform publicly available decision tools. The tools will be broadcast to non-governmental organizations, government agencies, and other relevant conservation practitioner groups. The models can serve as the basis for a web and smartphone application that fishers can use to explore alternative designs for temporary closures. This research also directly informs policy through partnerships with local fisheries and management organizations. This will lead to closures that are more effective and equitable. This project finally provides an integrative training environment for students and a post-doctoral researcher.The disturbance induced by a temporary ban on fishing has significant consequences on fish species and other components of the ecosystem. This is a result of potential trophic cascades that play out over different temporal scales. The dynamics of these ecological relationships are poorly understood. The number of species targeted, their growth rates, and their mobility, as well as changes to the benthos, have complex relationships that will respond to the varying length of closures, creating potential trade-offs between different portfolios of species. In terms of social dynamics, temporary areas have the potential to serve as learning and trust-building tools aligned with theories of adaptive co-management of marine resources, but their temporality also opens them to corruption, uncertainties, and instability in the wake of large disruptions like the COVID-19 pandemic. This project brings together cutting-edge techniques in an integrated social, ecological, and modeling research program centered on two countries where temporary closures have been implemented. Fisher creel surveys, underwater fish censuses and water-based drone surveys will be employed to provide comprehensive data on the state of the benthos and the fish populations. This will be combined with social science fieldwork focusing on the histories of the reserves, the heterogeneity of stakeholders, local knowledge, and the configurations of property rights that shape stakeholders’ interpretations of a reserve’s socio-ecological outcomes. Drawing from these social and ecological data, dynamic agent-based and bioeconomic models will be adapted from other contexts to generate testable predictions of how temporary closure design affects fish biomass and fisher incomes in the short- and long-term. The outcomes of this research will be used to adapt a decision-tool model to help fishers design temporary closures and it will be tested in several pilot communities.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

小型渔业是海洋最大的雇主，为数十亿人提供营养，但它们受到过度捕捞的威胁。管理近岸渔业最著名的战略是在海洋保护区实施永久性捕鱼禁令。由于渔民不遵守规定，这些关闭措施往往失败。世界各地的渔民往往倾向于临时关闭，以重建渔业。不幸的是，它们的研究相对不足，人们对这些系统的生态和社会组成部分的相互作用方式知之甚少。这项研究研究的社会和生态动态之间的相互作用所造成的临时渔业关闭。这项研究将探讨墨西哥和法属波利尼西亚数十个临时关闭地点的社会和环境动态。它通过建立知识、能力和相关专门知识网络，促进小规模渔业的可持续管理。结果将直接为公开可用的决策工具提供信息。这些工具将向非政府组织、政府机构和其他相关的保护实践者团体广播。这些模型可以作为网络和智能手机应用程序的基础，渔民可以使用这些应用程序来探索临时关闭的替代设计。这项研究还通过与当地渔业和管理组织的合作直接为政策提供信息。这将导致更有效和更公平的关闭。该项目最终为学生和博士后研究人员提供了一个综合培训环境。临时禁渔引起的干扰对鱼类和生态系统的其他组成部分产生了重大影响。这是潜在的营养级联在不同时间尺度上发挥作用的结果。这些生态关系的动态是知之甚少。目标物种的数量、其生长率和流动性以及底栖生物的变化具有复杂的关系，这些关系将对不同的关闭时间作出反应，从而在不同的物种组合之间产生潜在的权衡。在社会动态方面，临时区域有潜力作为学习和建立信任的工具，与适应性共同管理海洋资源的理论相一致，但它们的暂时性也使它们在COVID-19大流行等大规模破坏之后容易出现腐败、不确定性和不稳定性。该项目汇集了社会，生态和建模综合研究计划的尖端技术，以两个临时关闭的国家为中心。将采用渔线架调查、水下鱼类普查和水上无人驾驶飞机调查，以提供关于底栖生物和鱼类种群状况的全面数据。这将与社会科学实地考察相结合，重点是保护区的历史，利益相关者的异质性，当地知识和产权配置，塑造利益相关者对保护区社会生态结果的解释。利用这些社会和生态数据，动态代理和生物经济模型将从其他情况下进行调整，以产生可测试的预测，临时关闭设计如何影响鱼类生物量和渔民收入的短期和长期。这项研究的成果将用于调整决策工具模型，以帮助渔民设计临时关闭，并将在几个试点社区进行测试。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估。

项目成果

Biomass accrual benefits of community-based marine protected areas outweigh their operational costs

• DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2023.1180920
• 发表时间: 2023-08-18
• 期刊: FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Villasenor-Derbez，Juan Carlos;Fulton，Stuart;Amador-Castro，Imelda G.
• 通讯作者: Amador-Castro，Imelda G.