Regulatory compliance of marine protected areas

海洋保护区的监管合规性

• 批准号: 2005226
• 负责人: Anastasia Quintana
• 金额: $ 14.3万
• 依托单位: Quintana, Anastasia C
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2022-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2005226&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Regulatory; compliance; marine; protected; areas

This award was provided as part of NSF's Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences Postdoctoral Research Fellowships (SPRF) program. The goal of the SPRF program is to prepare promising, early career doctoral-level scientists for scientific careers in academia, industry or private sector, and government. SPRF awards involve two years of training under the sponsorship of established scientists and encourage Postdoctoral Fellows to perform independent research. NSF seeks to promote the participation of scientists from all segments of the scientific community, including those from underrepresented groups, in its research programs and activities; the postdoctoral period is considered to be an important level of professional development in attaining this goal. Each Postdoctoral Fellow must address important scientific questions that advance their respective disciplinary fields. Under the sponsorship of Dr. Steven Gaines at University of California Santa Barbara, this postdoctoral fellowship award supports an early career scientist investigating regulatory compliance in natural resource management. Noncompliance and rule breaking can threaten the effectiveness of resource governance and the sustainability of their associated resource systems. In the world’s oceans for example, illegal fishing is considered one of the greatest threats to marine ecosystems. Political science theory predicts that self-governance (regulations devised and enacted by resource users themselves) leads to high levels of compliance compared to “top-down” regulations imposed by governments. However, this has never been empirically examined at a large scale. This project tests whether self-governance increases regulatory compliance with marine protected areas, a widespread tool for fisheries management, through the analysis of a large dataset collected by a partner organization, Rare. In addition to the training of an early-career scientist, this award advances the fundamental behavioral and political science of compliance, and has the potential to advance global fisheries equity and sustainability.This project uses a multidimensional model of regulatory compliance to compare compliance types and extent under different governance arrangements, and contributes primarily to common-pool resource theory, a theory of collective action for natural resource management. Predictions based on either legitimacy or rational-choice models have not been able to explain or predict compliance in natural resource management, such as in the case of fisheries. A new multidimensional model of compliance (“motivational postures model”) from social-ecological theory has recently been proposed to understand compliance with state-implemented regulations, which we use to compare the extent and type of compliance under self-governance and top-down governance arrangements. This project uses a large dataset collected by Rare for their Fish Forever program, with quantitative and qualitative data on noncompliance in hundreds of sites where no-take marine protected areas (areas where fishing is banned) have been implemented, along with gear restrictions and other fishing regulations. Analysis of this large dataset will be complemented by original mini-ethnographic case studies of several select sites. This project challenges binary conceptualizations of compliance, instead using a framework that engages with resistance, power, and equity. This project contributes to fundamental research on human behavior around co-managed resources, with broader implications for resource sustainability and legitimacy of institutions.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项是美国国家科学基金会社会、行为和经济科学博士后研究奖学金（SPRF）计划的一部分。SPRF计划的目标是为学术界、工业界或私营部门和政府的科学事业准备有前途的早期职业博士级科学家。SPRF奖励包括在知名科学家的赞助下进行为期两年的培训，并鼓励博士后进行独立研究。美国国家科学基金会寻求促进科学界各阶层的科学家，包括那些未被充分代表的群体的科学家，参与其研究项目和活动；博士后阶段被认为是实现这一目标的一个重要的专业发展阶段。每个博士后必须解决各自学科领域的重要科学问题。在加州大学圣巴巴拉分校史蒂文·盖恩斯博士的赞助下，该博士后奖学金奖支持研究自然资源管理法规遵从性的早期职业科学家。不遵守和违反规则会威胁到资源治理的有效性和相关资源系统的可持续性。例如，在世界海洋中，非法捕鱼被认为是对海洋生态系统的最大威胁之一。政治学理论预测，与政府实施的“自上而下”的监管相比，自我治理（由资源使用者自己设计和制定的监管）会导致更高水平的合规。然而，这一点从未得到大规模的实证检验。该项目通过分析伙伴组织Rare收集的大型数据集，测试自我治理是否能提高对海洋保护区的监管合规，这是渔业管理的一个广泛工具。除了培训一名职业生涯早期的科学家外，该奖项还促进了合规的基本行为和政治科学，并有可能促进全球渔业公平和可持续性。本项目使用一个多维合规模型来比较不同治理安排下的合规类型和程度，并主要对共同资源理论（一种自然资源管理的集体行动理论）做出贡献。基于合法性或理性选择模型的预测都无法解释或预测自然资源管理的遵守情况，例如渔业。最近，社会生态学理论提出了一种新的多维合规模型（“动机姿态模型”）来理解国家实施法规的合规情况，我们使用该模型来比较自我治理和自上而下治理安排下合规的程度和类型。该项目使用了由Rare为其“永远捕鱼”计划收集的大型数据集，其中包含了数百个实施了禁捕海洋保护区（禁止捕鱼的地区）以及渔具限制和其他捕鱼法规的地点的不合规情况的定量和定性数据。对这个大型数据集的分析将由几个选定地点的原始小型人种学案例研究补充。该项目挑战了遵从性的二元概念，而是使用了一个与抵抗、权力和公平相结合的框架。该项目有助于对共同管理资源的人类行为进行基础研究，对资源可持续性和制度合法性具有更广泛的影响。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Positive Social-Ecological Feedbacks in Community-Based Conservation

社区保护中的积极社会生态反馈

• DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.652318
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Frontiers in Marine Science
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Quintana, Anastasia C.;Giron-Nava, Alfredo;Urmy, Samuel;Cramer, Alli N.;Domínguez-Sánchez, Santiago;Rodríguez-Van Dyck, Salvador;Aburto-Oropeza, Octavio;Basurto, Xavier;Weaver, Amy Hudson
• 通讯作者: Weaver, Amy Hudson