Collaborative Research: Integrated distribution models for North American mammals as tests of niche conservatism.

合作研究：北美哺乳动物的综合分布模型作为生态位保守主义的测试。

• 批准号: 2206784
• 负责人: Jamian Pacifici
• 金额: $ 37.43万
• 依托单位: North Carolina State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-01 至 2025-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2206784&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Integrated; distribution; models

Mapping animal populations is a powerful approach for learning what factors are important tothe species. By comparing records of where animals are common, rare, or absent with localenvironmental conditions researchers can quantify the relative effects of habitat, climate, andhuman disturbances. The proliferation of new animal data from camera traps and citizenscientists allows these questions to be asked at larger scales, but this also introduces a newproblem of local specialization - do bears in Florida respond to the environment in the sameways as bears in Maine? Can we have one model that predicts a species abundance across itsrange? This project will address this question by evaluating to what extent different populationsare consistent in their response to environmental factors across the country. The resulting mapswill show where mammal species are more or less common, which will be useful forconservation and wildlife management. Furthermore, the results will also highlight which localor national environmental factors are driving these patterns, which could be useful whenmitigating climate change, designating habitat corridors, or planning other active populationmanagement techniques. Comparing these results across 100 North American species willshow the broader importance of local ecological specialization in mammal evolution. In additionto publications, the results will be shared through the Wild Animals podcast and YouTubechannel, including the best camera trap footage.This project asks to what extent the ecological niche reflects range-wide tendencies of a species(i.e. phylogenetic conservatism) vs. local adaptation by a population. This is a critical questionnot only for understanding evolution, but also when considering how to manage populationsfacing climate change and anthropogenic disturbances. The project will test the hypothesis thatecological similarity should parallel phylogenetic similarity and also compare the degree of localadaptation to natural (climate and vegetation) vs. anthropogenic factors. To meet theseobjectives, researchers will create continental scale species distribution models forapproximately 100 North American mammal species using data integration techniques thatcombine traditional museum data with ‘born digital’ data from camera traps and citizen science.These new data include camera trap surveys at NEON sites and from the Snapshot USAprogram which runs annually in all 50 states. The Snapshot program surveys 1500 sites/yrthrough a massive collaboration between 150+ scientists, including many undergraduateclasses (800 students from 40 institutions) and underserved communities. The project willgrow this network by recruiting more participants, providing timely results that they can use withtheir students with prepared classroom modules, offering online data analysis workshops forparticipants, and making the data publicly available each year. This hierarchical, integrated,spatially-varying model approach will allow researchers to address new questions about thescale of ecological adaptation and whether natural factors still regulate most species or ifevolutionary responses to anthropogenic changes are outpacing these natural processes.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

绘制动物种群图是了解哪些因素对物种重要的有力方法。通过比较动物常见、稀有或缺失的地方与当地环境条件的记录，研究人员可以量化栖息地、气候和人类干扰的相对影响。来自相机陷阱和公民科学家的新动物数据的激增使得这些问题可以在更大的范围内提出，但这也引入了一个新的地方专业化问题——佛罗里达州的熊对环境的反应与缅因州的熊一样吗？我们能有一个模型来预测一个物种在其范围内的丰度吗？这个项目将通过评估全国不同人口对环境因素的反应在多大程度上是一致的来解决这个问题。绘制出来的地图将显示哺乳动物物种在哪些地方比较常见，这将有助于保护和野生动物管理。此外，研究结果还将突出哪些地方或国家环境因素正在推动这些模式，这在减缓气候变化、指定栖息地走廊或规划其他积极的人口管理技术时可能是有用的。将这些结果与100个北美物种进行比较，将显示出当地生态专业化在哺乳动物进化中的广泛重要性。除了出版物，结果将通过野生动物播客和youtube频道分享，包括最好的相机陷阱镜头。这个项目的问题是生态位在多大程度上反映了一个物种的范围范围的趋势。系统发育保守主义)与种群的局部适应。这不仅是理解进化的关键问题，也是考虑如何管理面临气候变化和人为干扰的种群的关键问题。该项目将测试生态相似性应该与系统发育相似性平行的假设，并比较当地对自然（气候和植被）和人为因素的适应程度。为了实现这些目标，研究人员将使用数据集成技术，将传统的博物馆数据与来自相机陷阱和公民科学的“天生数字”数据相结合，为大约100种北美哺乳动物物种创建大陆尺度的物种分布模型。这些新数据包括NEON站点的相机陷阱调查，以及每年在所有50个州运行的美国快照计划。快照计划通过150多名科学家的大规模合作，调查了1500个地点/年，其中包括许多本科班级（来自40个机构的800名学生）和服务不足的社区。该项目将通过招募更多的参与者，提供及时的结果，他们可以与学生一起使用准备好的课堂模块，为参与者提供在线数据分析研讨会，并每年将数据公开，从而扩大这个网络。这种分层的、综合的、空间变化的模型方法将使研究人员能够解决关于生态适应规模的新问题，以及自然因素是否仍然调节大多数物种，或者对人为变化的进化反应是否超过了这些自然过程。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。