Improving NANOGrav Gravitational Wave Detection

改进 NANOGrav 引力波探测

• 批准号: 2207267
• 负责人: Ken Olum
• 金额: $ 15万
• 依托单位: Tufts University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-01 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2207267&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Improving; NANOGrav; Gravitational; Wave; Detection

We expect that our universe is filled with gravitational waves coming from pairs of supermassive black holes (with millions to billions of times the mass of the sun) orbiting each other at the centers of galaxies. These waves are different from the gravitational waves detected first by LIGO, because they are continuous, rather than coming in bursts, and they have very low frequencies, often taking several years to complete a cycle. These low-frequency gravitational waves are the target of the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational waves (NANOGrav). Professor Olum and his group will work to improve the mathematical and computational procedures used to analyze NANOGrav observations. This work will help NANOGrav make the first detection of low-frequency gravitational waves and determine their sources. Professor Olum will also give public presentations, and lectures in high schools, to bring the excitement of gravitational wave astronomy to the broader public.The purpose of this work is to enhance the ability of the NANOGrav collaboration to detect gravitational waves through new mathematical techniques and improved codes. These enhancements will increase the significance of NANOGrav data analysis, possibly pushing it above the level at which the collaboration can confidently claim a discovery of a stochastic background of gravitational waves. Faster codes will make it possible to check more carefully for possible "false alarms" and easier to explore new ideas that may extract important signals from the pulsar timing observations. These techniques may also contribute to the detection of the first individual source of low-frequency gravitational waves, expected to be a nearby supermassive black hole binary whose signal stands out above the background.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

我们预计，我们的宇宙充满了来自成对的超大质量黑洞（质量是太阳的数百万到数十亿倍）的引力波，这些黑洞在星系中心相互环绕。 这些波与LIGO首次探测到的引力波不同，因为它们是连续的，而不是突然出现的，而且频率非常低，通常需要几年才能完成一个周期。 这些低频引力波是北美纳赫兹引力波天文台（NANOGrav）的目标。 Olum教授和他的团队将致力于改进用于分析NANOGrav观测的数学和计算程序。 这项工作将帮助NANOGrav首次探测到低频引力波并确定其来源。 Olum教授还将在高中进行公开演讲和讲座，将引力波天文学的兴奋带给更广泛的公众。这项工作的目的是通过新的数学技术和改进的代码来增强NANOGrav合作探测引力波的能力。 这些增强将增加NANOGrav数据分析的重要性，可能将其推到合作可以自信地声称发现引力波随机背景的水平之上。 更快的代码将使人们有可能更仔细地检查可能的“假警报”，并更容易探索可能从脉冲星定时观测中提取重要信号的新想法。 这些技术也可能有助于探测低频引力波的第一个单独来源，预计是附近的超大质量黑洞双星，其信号突出于背景之上。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Evidence for a Gravitational-wave Background

• DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/acdac6
• 发表时间: 2023-06
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
• 作者: G. Agazie;A. Anumarlapudi;A. Archibald;Z. Arzoumanian;P. Baker;B. Bécsy;L. Blecha;A. Brazier;P. Brook;S. Burke-Spolaor;R. Burnette;R. Case;M. Charisi;S. Chatterjee;K. Chatziioannou;B. Cheeseboro;Siyuan Chen;T. Cohen;J. Cordes;N. Cornish;F. Crawford;H. Cromartie;K. Crowter;C. Cutler;M. DeCesar;D. DeGan;P. Demorest;Heling Deng;T. Dolch;B. Drachler;J. Ellis;E. Ferrara;W. Fiore;E. Fonseca;G. Freedman;N. Garver-Daniels;P. Gentile;K. A. Gersbach;J. Glaser;D. Good;K. Gultekin;J. Hazboun;S. Hourihane;K. Islo;R. Jennings;A. Johnson;Megan L. Jones;A. Kaiser;D. Kaplan;L. Kelley;M. Kerr;J. Key;T. C. Klein;N. Laal;M. Lam;W. Lamb;T. Lazio;N. Lewandowska;T. Littenberg;Tianyu Liu;A. Lommen;D. Lorimer;Jing Luo;R. Lynch;Chung-Pei Ma;D. Madison;M. A. Mattson;A. McEwen;J. McKee;M. Mclaughlin;N. McMann;B. W. Meyers;P. Meyers;C. Mingarelli;A. Mitridate;P. Natarajan;C. Ng;D. Nice;S. Ocker;K. Olum;T. Pennucci;B. Perera;P. Petrov;N. Pol;H. Radovan;S. Ransom;P. Ray;J. Romano;S. C. Sardesai;A. Schmiedekamp;C. Schmiedekamp;K. Schmitz;L. Schult;B. Shapiro-Albert;X. Siemens;J. Simon;M. Siwek;I. Stairs;D. Stinebring;K. Stovall;Jerry P. Sun;A. Susobhanan;J. Swiggum;Jacob M. Taylor;S. Taylor;J. E. Turner;C. Unal;M. Vallisneri;R. V. Haasteren;S. Vigeland;H. Wahl;Qiaohong Wang;C. Witt;O. Young

The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Search for Signals from New Physics

• DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/acdc91
• 发表时间: 2023-06
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
• 作者: A. Afzal;G. Agazie;A. Anumarlapudi;A. Archibald;Z. Arzoumanian;P. Baker;B. B'ecsy;J. Blanco-Pillado;L. Blecha;K. Boddy;A. Brazier;P. Brook;S. Burke-Spolaor;R. Burnette;R. Case;M. Charisi;S. Chatterjee;K. Chatziioannou;B. Cheeseboro;Siyuan Chen;T. Cohen;J. Cordes;N. Cornish;F. Crawford;H. Cromartie;K. Crowter;C. Cutler;M. DeCesar;D. DeGan;P. Demorest;Heling Deng;T. Dolch;B. Drachler;R. V. Eckardstein;E. Ferrara;W. Fiore;E. Fonseca;G. Freedman;N. Garver-Daniels;P. Gentile;K. A. Gersbach;J. Glaser;D. Good;Lydia Guertin;K. Gultekin;J. Hazboun;S. Hourihane;K. Islo;R. Jennings;A. Johnson;Megan L. Jones;A. Kaiser;D. Kaplan;L. Kelley;M. Kerr;J. Key;N. Laal;M. Lam;W. Lamb;T. Lazio;Vincent S. H. Lee;N. Lewandowska;Rafael R. Lino dos Santos;T. Littenberg;Tianyu Liu;D. Lorimer;Jing Luo;R. Lynch;Chung-Pei Ma;D. Madison;A. McEwen;J. McKee;M. Mclaughlin;N. McMann;B. W. Meyers;P. Meyers;C. Mingarelli;A. Mitridate;J. Nay;P. Natarajan;C. Ng;D. Nice;S. Ocker;K. Olum;T. Pennucci;B. Perera;P. Petrov;N. Pol;H. Radovan;S. Ransom;P. Ray;J. Romano;S. C. Sardesai;A. Schmiedekamp;C. Schmiedekamp;K. Schmitz;T. Schroder;L. Schult;B. Shapiro-Albert;X. Siemens;J. Simon;M. Siwek;I. Stairs;D. Stinebring;K. Stovall;Peter Stratmann;Jerry P. Sun;A. Susobhanan;J. Swiggum;Jacob M. Taylor;S. Taylor;T. Trickle;J. E. Turner;C. Unal;M. Vallisneri;Sonali Verma;S. Vigeland;H. Wahl;Qiaohong Wang;C. Witt;Davis Wright;O. Young;K. Zurek

The NANOGrav 12.5-year Data Set: Search for Non-Einsteinian Polarization Modes in the Gravitational-wave Background

• DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ac401c
• 发表时间: 2021-09
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
• 作者: Z. Arzoumanian;P. Baker;H. Blumer;B. Bécsy;A. Brazier;P. Brook;S. Burke-Spolaor;M. Charisi

The NANOGrav 15 yr Data Set: Bayesian Limits on Gravitational Waves from Individual Supermassive Black Hole Binaries

• DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ace18a
• 发表时间: 2023-06
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
• 作者: G. Agazie;A. Anumarlapudi;A. Archibald;Z. Arzoumanian;P. Baker;B. B'ecsy;L. Blecha;A. Brazier;P. Brook;S. Burke-Spolaor;R. Case;J. A. Casey-Clyde;M. Charisi;S. Chatterjee;T. Cohen;J. Cordes;N. Cornish;F. Crawford;H. Cromartie;K. Crowter;M. DeCesar;P. Demorest;Matthew C. Digman;T. Dolch;B. Drachler;E. Ferrara;W. Fiore;E. Fonseca;Gabriel Freedman;N. Garver-Daniels;P. Gentile;J. Glaser;D. Good;K. Gultekin;J. Hazboun;S. Hourihane;R. Jennings;A. Johnson;Megan L. Jones;A. Kaiser;D. Kaplan;L. Kelley;M. Kerr;J. Key;N. Laal;M. Lam;W. Lamb;T. Lazio;N. Lewandowska;Tingting Liu;D. Lorimer;Jingshu Luo;R. Lynch;Chung-Pei Ma;D. Madison;A. McEwen;J. McKee;M. Mclaughlin;N. McMann;B. W. Meyers;P. Meyers;C. Mingarelli;A. Mitridate;P. Natarajan;C. Ng;D. Nice;S. Ocker;K. Olum;T. Pennucci;B. Perera;P. Petrov;N. Pol;H. Radovan;S. Ransom;P. Ray;Jo√£o Romano;S. C. Sardesai;A. Schmiedekamp;C. Schmiedekamp;K. Schmitz;B. Shapiro-Albert;X. Siemens;J. Simon;M. Siwek;I. Stairs;D. Stinebring;K. Stovall;A. Susobhanan;J. Swiggum;Jacob M. Taylor;S. Taylor;J. E. Turner;C. Unal;M. Vallisneri;R. V. Haasteren;S. Vigeland;H. Wahl;C. Witt;O. Young

The NANOGrav Search for Signals from New Physics: MCMC chains

NANOGrav 从新物理中寻找信号：MCMC 链

• DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8083620
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Zenodo
• 作者: NANOGrav, The Collaboration