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Biotic and abiotic drivers of pathogen transmission in marine system under the influence of climate change

气候变化影响下海洋系统病原体传播的生物和非生物驱动因素

基本信息

批准号：
2207343
负责人：
Jeffrey Shields
金额：
$ 299.7万
依托单位：
College of William & Mary Virginia Institute of Marine Science
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2022-08-01 至 2027-07-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2207343&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Biotic abiotic drivers pathogen transmission

项目摘要

The emergence of pathogens in marine systems affects us all by damaging fisheries and their supporting ecological communities. Indeed, two regional icons, blue crabs and oysters, have seen major declines due to disease. The goal of this study is to understand how climate change and other human impacts alter disease transmission in marine systems. The transmission of a pathogen, Hematodinium perezi, to the American blue crab, Callinectes sapidus will be examined in relation to filter feeding, cannibalism, fishing pressure, and climate change. Filter feeding is widespread in marine systems and may act to reduce transmission of pathogens. Cannibalism may reduce susceptible juvenile crabs and, thus, lower transmission. Because fishing pressure removes adults, countering cannibalism, commercial fishing may enhance susceptible juveniles and increase transmission in crab populations. These biotic factors are common to many marine systems; yet, they have received little attention in terms of their effects on disease transmission. Climate change magnifies these dynamics through direct and indirect effects on both the host and pathogen dynamics. This project builds on its research activities by engaging teachers and students in important concepts in marine biology, disease ecology, and climate change. Science teachers will engage in internships, workshops, and field courses to leverage the project’s research findings for delivery in the classroom. The educational component will build the capabilities of teachers, graduate students, undergraduate summer interns, and undergraduates at William & Mary and VIMS through training in advanced techniques in several disciplines. An online model will simulate the effects of disease on marine systems, making the research findings even more accessible to scientists, educators, and students. Outreach programs at each institution will further inform thousands of people about the project’s research. Collectively, these activities will enhance the visibility of this research to the broader scientific community, educational community, and general public.Disease processes can be very different between marine and terrestrial ecosystems. In marine systems, biotic factors such as top-down control of phytoplankton through filter feeding, density-dependent cannibalism in predator populations, and industrialized fishing operate on grand scales that alter the dynamics of host populations; however, their influence on disease ecology has received little attention. An investigation into the blue crab – Hematodinium perezi system allows insights into the interactions among these factors. Hematodinium perezi is a pathogen of blue crabs that is hyper-endemic in the coastal bays of the eastern USA. The pathogen has a predilection for juvenile crabs. Cannibalism removes large numbers of juveniles, potentially suppressing outbreaks. In contrast, fishing pressure removes large numbers of adults, potentially enhancing the susceptible juvenile population. In addition, filter feeding by oysters may reduce transmission of H. perezi, and when combined with high abundance such as in oyster reefs, may negatively influence disease transmission to blue crabs. Overlying these factors is the ecosystem-level disruption caused by climate change, which includes additional enhancements to pathogen transmission through increased proliferation and dispersal. These factors can be modeled to provide insight into their influence over host – pathogen dynamics. This study has five objectives: (I) integrate disease and seasonality into a population model of the blue crab; (II) examine the interactions between filter feeders in the ecosystem and pathogen transmission; (III) explore how natural mortality (predation, cannibalism) and fishing pressure affect transmission and incidence of the pathogen; (IV) examine the influence of climate change on disease transmission and dispersal; and (V) analyze nonlinear mechanisms for broader application to wildlife disease dynamics. Although this study focuses on the transmission dynamics in the blue crab – Hematodinium perezi system, it is applicable to other marine systems impacted by similar stressors.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

病原体在海洋系统中的出现通过破坏渔业及其支持的生态社区影响到我们所有人。事实上，由于疾病，两个区域性标志，蓝蟹和牡蛎，已经出现了严重的下降。这项研究的目的是了解气候变化和其他人类影响如何改变海洋系统中的疾病传播。病原体的传播，血甲藻perezi，美国蓝蟹，Callinectes sapidus将检查有关过滤器喂养，同类相食，捕鱼压力和气候变化。滤食性在海洋系统中很普遍，可以减少病原体的传播。同类相食可减少易感幼蟹，从而降低传播。由于捕捞压力使成年蟹被移走，商业捕捞可能会增加易感幼蟹的数量，并增加螃蟹种群的传播。这些生物因素是许多海洋系统所共有的;然而，它们对疾病传播的影响却很少受到关注。气候变化通过对宿主和病原体动态的直接和间接影响放大了这些动态。该项目建立在其研究活动的基础上，使教师和学生参与海洋生物学，疾病生态学和气候变化的重要概念。科学教师将参与实习，研讨会和实地课程，以利用该项目的研究成果在课堂上交付。教育部分将通过几个学科的先进技术培训，培养威廉玛丽和VIMS的教师、研究生、本科生暑期实习生和本科生的能力。&一个在线模型将模拟疾病对海洋系统的影响，使科学家，教育工作者和学生更容易获得研究结果。每个机构的外联方案将进一步向成千上万的人介绍该项目的研究。总的来说，这些活动将提高这项研究对更广泛的科学界、教育界和公众的可见度。在海洋系统中，生物因素，如自上而下的控制浮游植物通过过滤器喂养，密度依赖的捕食者种群的同类相食，和工业化的捕鱼操作在大规模上改变宿主种群的动态，但是，它们对疾病生态的影响很少受到关注。通过对青蟹-血甲藻系统的研究，可以深入了解这些因素之间的相互作用。Perezi血甲藻是一种蓝蟹的病原体，在美国东部的沿海海湾是高度流行的。病原体对幼蟹有偏好。同类相食使大量的幼鱼死亡，从而可能抑制疾病的爆发。相比之下，捕捞压力使大量成年鱼死亡，可能增加易受影响的幼鱼数量。此外，牡蛎的滤食可以减少H。perezi，当与高丰度结合时，如牡蛎礁，可能会对蓝蟹的疾病传播产生负面影响。在这些因素之上，还有气候变化造成的生态系统一级的破坏，其中包括通过增加增殖和扩散进一步加强病原体传播。这些因素可以被建模以提供对它们对宿主-病原体动力学的影响的洞察。本研究有五个目的：（I）整合疾病与季节性于青蟹族群模式;（II）探讨生态系统中滤食性动物与病原菌传播的相互作用;（III）探讨自然死亡率如何影响青蟹族群的健康与健康。（4）研究气候变化对病害传播和扩散的影响;（V）分析非线性机制，以便更广泛地应用于野生动物疾病动力学。虽然这项研究的重点是在蓝蟹-血甲藻perezi系统的传输动力学，它是适用于其他海洋系统受到类似的stressors.This奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。