Generation, Control and Storage of Broadband Transverse-Mode-Entangled Photons

光子，光的基本粒子，可以彼此“纠缠”在一起，这样对其中一个的测量就会瞬间改变另一个的状态。纠缠光子可以用于增强我们安全通信的能力，以及图像敏感的生物材料，以及其他应用。虽然产生在偏振、频率和时间上纠缠的光子的技术已经很发达，但在产生在其形状或空间模式上纠缠的光子方面还有很多需要探索的地方。此外，建立一个高效的存储器，使我们能够根据需要存储和检索纠缠光子，这将使通信和传感应用更加高效。研究小组将研究光纤作为空间模式纠缠光子的来源，以及使用热原子气体作为这些光子的存储介质。研究生将接受最先进的量子光学实验和理论方面的培训，小组成员将积极支持提高少数民族在科学领域的代表性，并为本科生创建新的动手实验模块。研究小组将开发基于光纤和原子集成的方法，以增强对宽带光子量子源中量子相关性的控制，重点是增强基于四波混频系统的纠缠维度、量子存储操作和可扩展性。探讨混合纠缠、多模干涉和高多模纠缠的光纤平台。通过原子系综平台，将从理论上和实验上探索展宽机制在决定宽带量子态的记忆效率和寿命中的基本作用，并开发延长记忆寿命的方法，使横向模式存储和检索成为可能，并通过拉曼介导的自发四波混频产生光子对。光纤中横向模纠缠的发展将为量子处理提供新的资源，在一个自然适合与其他光纤耦合进行长距离传输的平台中，为增强量子协议提供高维空间。在这种源的宽带范围内研究量子存储操作，以及探索新的基于光纤的源，将为提高效率和可扩展性提供工具。这些努力将有助于推动量子信息科学的整体领域朝着改进计算、通信和传感的广泛影响目标发展。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Photons, the fundamental particles of light, can be “entangled” with each other such that the measurement of one instantaneously changes the state of the other. Entangled photons can be used to enhance our ability to communicate securely and to image sensitive biological materials, amongst other applications. While techniques to generate photons entangled in polarization, frequency, and time are well-developed, there is much to explore in the generation of photons entangled in their shape, or spatial mode. In addition, building an efficient memory that allows us to store and retrieve entangled photons on demand would allow communication and sensing applications to be much more efficient. The research team will investigate optical fiber as a source of spatial-mode-entangled photons and the use of hot atomic gases as storage media for such photons. Graduate students will be trained in state-of-the-art quantum optics experiment and theory, and group members will actively support efforts to enhance minority representation in the sciences and create new hands-on laboratory modules for instruction of undergraduate students. The research team will develop methods based on optical fibers and atomic ensembles to enhance control over quantum correlations in broadband photonic quantum sources, with a focus on enhancing entanglement dimensionality, quantum memory operation, and scalability in four-wave-mixing-based systems. An optical fiber platform will be explored for hybrid entanglement, multimode interference, and highly multimode entanglement. The fundamental role of broadening mechanisms in determining memory efficiency and lifetime for broadband quantum states will be explored both theoretically and experimentally through an atomic ensemble platform, and methods will be developed to extend the memory lifetime, enable transverse mode storage and retrieval, and generate photon pairs via Raman-mediated spontaneous four-wave mixing. The development of transverse-mode entanglement in optical fiber will provide new resources for quantum processing by enabling a high-dimensional space for enhanced quantum protocols in a platform naturally suited for coupling to other fibers for long-distance transmission. Investigations of quantum memory operation in the broadband regime of such sources, and explorations of new fiber-based sources, will provide tools for enhanced efficiency and scalability. These efforts will help advance the overall field of quantum information science towards the broadly impactful goals of improved computation, communication, and sensing.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.