Strengthening power system dynamic operation with the advent of increased renewable generation: Location and control of fast energy storage systems

随着可再生能源发电量的增加，加强电力系统的动态运行：快速储能系统的定位和控制

• 批准号: 1509114
• 负责人: Hector Pulgar
• 金额: $ 35.54万
• 依托单位: University of Tennessee Knoxville
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-08-01 至 2019-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1509114&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Strengthening; power; system; dynamic; operation

This research project seeks to increase power system robustness through the use of fast energy storage systems so the grid is better prepared to withstand failures and abnormal operation, which may lead to blackouts. The theoretical work of this project will also contribute to establishing a basis for dynamics studies for the future power system infrastructure. Several power system problems can be studied using the proposed mathematical development, such as controller designs for renewable generation, smart grid dynamic operation, electricity markets, and others. Besides advancing research knowledge on power system dynamics, this project will bring further development in control theory that is applicable to many other systems and industrial processes from the fields of electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, and management. The PIs plan to leverage research results for curriculum development in new courses on power system dynamics and control. The researchers will also have support from the Office of Diversity, College of Engineering, and the Office of Information Technology at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville.This project will investigate a criterion to identify the best locations of fast energy storage systems (FESS) to improve power system dynamic performance and design appropriate controls for FESS. The future power grid is likely to be characterized by a high penetration of renewable energy interfaced to the grid through power electronics, and this may result in poor dynamic performance due to the reduction of inertia and a high variability on the generation side. To measure dynamic performance improvement, features such as frequency nadir, rate of change of frequency, and low frequency oscillation damping, among others, are considered. This work would be among the first to propose a solution for the FESS location problem while considering the full mathematical complexities of power system dynamics (large dimensionality, dynamics in different time scales, linear and nonlinear elements, and others). Although the modeling of this problem is highly complex, one of the proposal hypotheses is the existence of a criterion for FESS location based on specific physical characteristics of a power system, such as distribution of inertia, distribution of response speed of synchronous generators, and grid topology. Data analytics will be used to identify correlations between the optimal location and power system characteristics and, based on the numerical results, the theoretical development of the criterion will be derived. This characterization would allow planners to carefully strengthen the grid dynamics with the advent of increased renewable generation. In addition, this research seeks to establish three control strategies for FESS: (a) a continuous control scheme; (b) a discrete control scheme that determines the specific time when FESS need to change their discrete states (three states are considered: idle, discharge, and charge); and (c) a hybrid control scheme that combines the discrete state transitions and the continuous stored energy control within a particular discrete state. The hybrid control scheme is expected to provide the best dynamic improvement and, at the same time, is expected to extend the lifespan of FESS. The potential of phasor measurement units (PMUs) is considered to facilitate coordinating control loops among FESS, conventional generation, and renewable generation.

该研究项目旨在通过使用快速储能系统来提高电力系统的鲁棒性，以便电网更好地准备承受可能导致停电的故障和异常操作。该项目的理论工作也将有助于为未来电力系统基础设施的动态研究奠定基础。几个电力系统的问题，可以使用建议的数学发展，如可再生能源发电，智能电网动态运行，电力市场等控制器的设计进行研究。本项目除了推进电力系统动力学的研究知识外，还将进一步发展适用于电气工程、机械工程、化学工程和管理领域的许多其他系统和工业过程的控制理论。PI计划利用研究成果，在电力系统动力学和控制的新课程的课程开发。研究人员还将得到多样性办公室，工程学院和信息技术办公室在田纳西大学诺克斯维尔分校的支持。该项目将调查一个标准，以确定快速储能系统（FESS）的最佳位置，以提高电力系统的动态性能和设计适当的控制FESS。未来电网的特点可能是通过电力电子设备连接到电网的可再生能源的高渗透率，这可能会导致由于发电侧的惯性降低和高可变性而导致的动态性能差。为了测量动态性能改善，考虑了诸如频率最低点、频率变化率和低频振荡阻尼等特征。这项工作将是第一个提出一个解决方案的FESS的位置问题，同时考虑到完整的数学复杂性的电力系统动态（大维度，动态在不同的时间尺度，线性和非线性元素，以及其他）。虽然这个问题的建模是非常复杂的，建议的假设之一是存在一个标准的FESS的位置的基础上的特定的物理特性的电力系统，如分布的惯性，分布的同步发电机的响应速度，电网拓扑结构。数据分析将被用来确定最佳位置和电力系统特性之间的相关性，并根据数值结果，该标准的理论发展将被导出。这种特性将使规划者能够随着可再生能源发电量的增加而认真加强电网动态。此外，本研究亦针对FESS建立三种控制策略：（a）连续控制策略;（B）离散控制策略，以决定FESS改变其离散状态的特定时间（考虑三种状态：空闲、放电和充电）;以及（c）混合控制方案，其在特定离散状态内组合离散状态转换和连续存储能量控制。混合控制方案有望提供最佳的动态改善，并在同一时间，预计将延长寿命的FESS。相量测量单元（PMU）的潜力被认为是促进FESS，传统发电和可再生能源发电之间的协调控制回路。