Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Award: Long Term Adaptation to Climate Change

博士论文改进奖：长期适应气候变化

• 批准号: 2208161
• 负责人: Douglas Kennett
• 金额: $ 3.11万
• 依托单位: University of California-Santa Barbara
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-05-01 至 2023-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2208161&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Award; Long

This project studies the relationship between climatic degradation, conflict, and emergent complexity in Chumash society on the Northern Channel Islands and adjacent mainland coast. Previous research has identified substantial reorganization of labor, development of new technologies, and punctuated increases in lethal conflict within Chumash society during the Medieval Climatic Anomaly (MCA), a period of episodic droughts and fluctuating sea-surface temperatures (SST). Very little is known about Chumash social organization and marital patterns prior to Spanish contact, and archaeology is well-suited to reclaiming this knowledge. This research will identify kinship patterns in Chumash society during the MCA by using an innovative combination of archaeogenomic (ancient DNA) and archaeometric (strontium, carbon, and nitrogen isotopes) analysis of ancient Chumash burials. Minimally invasive small tissue samples were taken from ancestral remains under the supervision of the Barbareño Band of Chumash Indians. Resulting data will be contextualized with climatic records for the region and will enhance our understanding of how environmental change affected human social organization over the past two thousand years. This research will substantially aide archaeologists in understanding nuanced ways in which society changes in the context of climate change. The researcher’s indigenous Chumash heritage provides a unique opportunity for this research to positively impact both the Native American and scientific communities. Goals of the proposed research include introducing a diverse array of Native American perspectives within archaeology and development of pedagogical methods to help integrate archaeological research within tribal communities as a form of historical knowledge. Integrating ancient DNA and isotopic method within indigenous archaeological practice serves as a foundation for transformational change between indigenous and academic communities while stimulating important discourse surrounding the future of minimally destructive analysis of indigenous remains in North America. The project will evaluate and add to models broadly focused on how humans respond to short and long-term environmental change and how these changes affect human social organization. This research takes place on the Northern Channel Islands and the adjacent Santa Barbara coastline, areas that have been continuously occupied by the Chumash people. Significant changes in Chumashan society co-occurred with a series of episodic droughts known collectively as the Medieval Climatic Anomaly. This study will couple genome-wide sequencing with stable isotope data from Chumash burials and compare these data to regional climate records to reconstruct changing familial relationships and social structure through time.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

本项目研究北方海峡群岛和邻近大陆海岸的丘马什社会中气候退化、冲突和紧急复杂性之间的关系。以前的研究已经确定了大量的劳动力重组，新技术的发展，以及在中世纪气候异常（MCA）期间Chumash社会内部致命冲突的增加，这是一段间歇性干旱和海面温度波动的时期。在与西班牙人接触之前，人们对丘马什的社会组织和婚姻模式知之甚少，考古学非常适合重新获得这些知识。这项研究将通过对古丘马什墓葬进行考古基因组学（古代DNA）和考古计量学（锶、碳和氮同位素）分析的创新组合，确定MCA时期丘马什社会的亲属关系模式。在丘马什印第安人Barbareño部落的监督下，从祖先遗骸中提取了微创小组织样本。由此产生的数据将与该地区的气候记录相结合，并将增进我们对过去两千年来环境变化如何影响人类社会组织的理解。这项研究将极大地帮助考古学家了解气候变化背景下社会变化的细微差别。研究人员的土著Chumash遗产为这项研究提供了一个独特的机会，对美洲原住民和科学界产生积极影响。拟议研究的目标包括在考古学和教学方法的发展，以帮助整合部落社区内的考古研究作为一种历史知识的形式，介绍了美洲原住民的观点的多样化。在土著考古实践中整合古代DNA和同位素方法，为土著和学术界之间的转型变革奠定了基础，同时激发了围绕北美土著遗骸破坏性最小分析未来的重要话语。该项目将评估和添加广泛关注人类如何应对短期和长期环境变化以及这些变化如何影响人类社会组织的模型。这项研究发生在北方海峡群岛和邻近的圣巴巴拉海岸线上，这些地区一直被丘马什人占领。楚马山社会的重大变化与一系列间歇性干旱同时发生，这些干旱被统称为中世纪气候异常。这项研究将把全基因组测序与丘马什墓葬的稳定同位素数据结合起来，并将这些数据与区域气候记录进行比较，以重建随着时间的推移不断变化的家庭关系和社会结构。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。