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Long Term Population Response to Environmental Fluctuation

人口对环境波动的长期反应

基本信息

批准号：
1725067
负责人：
Douglas Kennett
金额：
$ 10.12万
依托单位：
Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-08-15 至 2019-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1725067&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Long Term Population Response Environmental

项目摘要

As evidenced in many regions of the world today environmental change can have major impact on population distribution as groups of people may migrate in mass, disperse more broadly over the landscape or congregate in adaptive response. Archaeology, hand in hand with paleoclimate sciences, provides an excellent context within which to evaluate this process because it permits the reconstruction of both long term environmental fluctuation and human response. Such changes can play out slowly over multiple centuries and vary across multiple states. In this research project Drs. Douglas Kennett and Thomas Harper of Pennsylvania State University will focus on one such case dating to the Early Bronze Age period in Eastern Europe. During this period of climatic unstability settlement patterns indicate a highly volatile variation in population dynamics. During one time interval dispersed populations merged into "giant-settlements" which attained sizes of 100-320 hectares unique not only in size but also in the fact that they show no sign of internal social stratification. While these settlements, have been the focus of prior study, they are poorly dated and thus it is difficult to situate them tightly in an environmental context which is chronologically controlled. Researchers will collect relevant cultural material for radiocarbon dating to construct a cultural sequence which is tightly anchored in time.In order to firmly establish the habitational sequence, the researchers will obtain datable materials (faunal bone samples; though a contingency using charcoal may be implemented in some cases) from a selection of twenty-two undated or poorly dated sites with artifact assemblages suggesting occupation ca. 4200-3300 BC. These sites represent the periods on either side of the giant-settlement phenomenon, Materials from these sites are kept in the collections of the Institute of Archaeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Kiev), the Museum of Tripolye Culture and other regional museums and archaeological authorities. Co-PI Harper will travel to Ukraine for the month in order to perform relevant collections research. Samples will be packed and shipped to Penn State where they will be cleaned, prepared and radiocarbon dated.

正如当今世界许多地区所证明的那样，环境变化可能对人口分布产生重大影响，因为人群可能会大规模迁移、更广泛地分散在景观中或以适应性反应而聚集。考古学与古气候科学携手合作，为评估这一过程提供了良好的背景，因为它允许重建长期环境波动和人类反应。这种变化可能会在几个世纪内缓慢发生，并且在多个州之间有所不同。在这个研究项目中，博士。宾夕法尼亚州立大学的道格拉斯·肯尼特和托马斯·哈珀将重点研究一个可追溯到东欧青铜时代早期的此类案例。在这段气候不稳定的时期，定居模式表明人口动态变化剧烈。在一段时间内，分散的人口合并成“巨型聚居地”，其面积达到100-320公顷，其独特之处不仅在于面积，而且在于它们没有表现出内部社会分层的迹象。虽然这些聚落一直是先前研究的焦点，但它们的年代很差，因此很难将它们严格地置于按时间顺序控制的环境背景中。研究人员将收集用于放射性碳测年的相关文化材料，以构建一个紧密锚定在时间上的文化序列。为了牢固地建立居住序列，研究人员将从精选的22个未注明日期或年代不清的地点中获取可记录数据的材料（动物骨骼样本；尽管在某些情况下可能会使用木炭），这些地点的文物组合表明大约有1000人居住。公元前 4200-3300 年。这些遗址代表了巨型聚落现象两侧的时期，这些遗址的材料保存在乌克兰国家科学院考古研究所（基辅）、特里波耶文化博物馆和其他地区博物馆和考古当局的收藏中。联合首席研究员哈珀本月将前往乌克兰进行相关馆藏研究。样品将被包装并运往宾夕法尼亚州立大学，在那里进行清洁、准备和放射性碳测年。