Quantum Transport and Hadronization in QCD Matter

QCD 物质中的量子输运和强子化

• 批准号: 2209335
• 负责人: Ralf Rapp
• 金额: $ 34.5万
• 依托单位: Texas A&M University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-07-01 至 2025-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2209335&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Quantum; Transport; Hadronization; QCD; Matter

In the first few microseconds after the Big Bang, the Universe was filled with an extremely hot substance called quark-gluon plasma (QGP). It is fascinating that about 14 billion years later, the QGP can be recreated and studied in the laboratory by colliding atomic nuclei at very high energies. It is of fundamental interest to understand how the quarks and gluons transition into bound states called hadrons, such as protons and neutrons, which are the building blocks of the visible matter in the Universe and make up about 98% of its mass. However, due to the very short lifetime of the QGP in the laboratory, its properties have to be inferred from the thousands of particles that are observed in large detectors. Thus far, the observed particle spectra indicate that the QGP behaves like a very strongly coupled, near-perfect liquid whose transport properties are close to universal lower bounds set by quantum mechanics. In this project the PI, together with his team of graduate and undergraduate students, investigates how the properties of the QGP and its hadronization emerge from the fundamental theory of the strong nuclear force, Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD).A key property of the "strongly-coupled QGP" (sQGP) are very large interaction rates between its constituents. These interaction rates imply a very large quantum-mechanical uncertainty in the energies of the particles, and are conjectured to be closely related to the quantum lower bounds in the transport properties of the hot QCD medium. The PI employs rigorous quantum many-body theory to self-consistently calculate the spectral distributions and scattering amplitudes of the medium particles, both for quarks and gluons in the QGP and for the composite hadrons in the hadronic medium. He utilizes effective theories to constrain the fundamental interactions through information from first-principles lattice-QCD computations. In particular, he develops a framework that enables calculation of the transition from quarks and gluons to hadrons based on their in-medium spectral properties. His theoretical calculations are applied in transport models for heavy charm and bottom quarks, which allow for comparisons to, and interpretations of, experimental data from the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider at Brookhaven Lab and the Large Hadron Collider in Europe. His program fosters an inclusive scholarly environment including undergraduate research and outreach activities to regional high-school students.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在大爆炸后的最初几微秒内，宇宙充满了一种叫做夸克-胶子等离子体（QGP）的极热物质。令人着迷的是，大约140亿年后，通过高能原子核碰撞，可以在实验室中重现和研究QGP。了解夸克和胶子是如何转变为强子的束缚态的，这是一个基本的兴趣，比如质子和中子，它们是宇宙中可见物质的基石，约占宇宙质量的98%。然而，由于QGP在实验室中的寿命非常短，它的性质必须从大型探测器中观察到的数千个粒子中推断出来。到目前为止，观测到的粒子光谱表明，QGP的行为像一个非常强耦合的、接近完美的液体，其输运性质接近量子力学设定的普遍下界。在这个项目中，PI和他的研究生和本科生团队一起研究了QGP的性质及其强子化是如何从强核力的基本理论量子色动力学（QCD）中产生的。“强耦合QGP”（sQGP）的一个关键特性是其组分之间的相互作用速率非常大。这些相互作用速率意味着粒子能量的量子力学不确定性非常大，并且被推测与热QCD介质输运性质的量子下界密切相关。PI采用严格的量子多体理论来自一致地计算介质粒子的光谱分布和散射振幅，包括QGP中的夸克和胶子以及强子介质中的复合强子。他利用有效的理论来约束从第一性原理晶格- qcd计算得到的信息的基本相互作用。特别是，他开发了一个框架，可以计算从夸克和胶子到强子的过渡，基于它们的中光谱特性。他的理论计算被应用于重粲夸克和底夸克的输运模型中，可以与布鲁克海文实验室的相对论重离子对撞机和欧洲的大型强子对撞机的实验数据进行比较和解释。他的项目培养了一个包容的学术环境，包括本科生的研究和对地区高中生的推广活动。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Charmonium, B c and X(3872) Transport at the LHC

Charmium、B c 和 X(3872) 在大型强子对撞机上的传输

• DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202327602001
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: EPJ Web of Conferences
• 作者: Wu, Biaogang;Tang, Zhanduo;He, Min;Rapp, Ralf
• 通讯作者: Rapp, Ralf

Electric conductivity of hot pion matter

• DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2023.122704
• 发表时间: 2022-11
• 期刊: Nuclear Physics A
• 影响因子: 1.4
• 作者: J. Atchison;R. Rapp

Bottomonium suppression in heavy-ion collisions and the in-medium strong force

重离子碰撞中的底离子抑制和介质内强作用力

• DOI: 10.1007/s41365-023-01213-3
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Nuclear Science and Techniques
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: Rapp, Ralf

Heavy-quark diffusion in the quark–gluon plasma

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2023.104020
• 发表时间: 2022-04
• 期刊: Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics
• 影响因子: 9.6
• 作者: M. He;H. van Hees;R. Rapp

Heavy–Light Susceptibilities in the sQGP

sQGP 中的重-轻磁化率

• DOI: 10.5506/aphyspolbsupp.16.1-a92
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Acta Physica Polonica B Proceedings Supplement
• 作者: Liu, S.Y.F.;Rapp, R.
• 通讯作者: Rapp, R.