Neutrino Research at Syracuse University

20世纪最重要的智力成就之一是粒子物理学标准模型（SM）的发展。这个模型成功地将当时已知的所有基本粒子划分为具有相似量子特性的等级。迄今为止，该模型的有效性已被欧洲核子研究中心大型强子对撞机发现的希格斯玻色子所证实。然而，目前存在的标准模型留下了许多关于宇宙的问题，包括为什么希格斯质量具有它所具有的价值以及为什么宇宙中没有反物质等基本问题。寻找这些和其他关于宇宙的开放性问题的答案的主要领域之一，它是如何形成的，为什么它是这样的，就是把重点放在中微子的特性研究上，并利用我们所知道的和可以学到的关于中微子的知识作为标准模型之外的科学探测器。中微子是一种基本粒子，它几乎不与宇宙中任何其他物质相互作用。它们不带电荷，一度被认为是无质量的。我们现在知道有三种中微子，通过它们所经历的不同的相互作用来区分它们。我们也知道中微子确实有质量，正因为如此，它们实际上可以从一种类型转变为另一种类型。对这些变化的详细测量，以及其他当前的中微子实验，形成了探索超越标准模型的新物理的最有希望的方法之一。这些测量是这个项目的核心，包括锡拉丘兹大学中微子组在MicroBooNE、NOvA、SBND和DUNE实验上的活动。这些活动包括用NOvA的测试光束进行测量，这将影响实验解决中微子质量层次的能力；在MicroBooNE实验中，对与超新星物理和基本中微子相互作用研究相关的低能活动的分析，以及在DUNE实验中，该团队将为实现这个巨大探测器所需的阳极平面组件的构建做出重大贡献。目前，人们对液态氩时间投影室（LArTPC）的实验粒子物理学产生了很大的兴趣，部分原因是费米国家加速器实验室（FNAL）的DUNE项目以及一般的中微子物理学。该奖项支持改进LArTPC技术的工作，使用测试光束和在FNAL的MicroBooNE实验。LArTPC探测器技术可扩展到下一代中微子实验所需的非常大的质量（可能是1千吨），并且能够记录粒子轨迹的三维数字图像。MicroBooNE正在进行各种有趣的物理测量，并作为与未来实验相关的新硬件技术的试验场。该奖项的另一个方面是对欧洲核子研究中心一个名为ProtoDUNE的大型LArTPC探测器的数据进行分析。这里学到的经验教训将为未来DUNE探测器的设计提供信息。这项工作的广泛影响将涉及本科生、研究生和博士后研究人员，他们都将获得宝贵的实验研究经验和培训，这些经验和培训将适用于他们未来的职业发展轨迹。作为该奖项的一部分，雪城大学的研究小组将继续开展几项外展工作。公众将通过举办面对面的大师班活动，了解粒子物理学的激动人心的研究。最后，该小组将利用雪城大学对美国武装部队退伍军人教育的独特承诺，让这些学生参与校园DUNE硬件工作，提供有价值的技术和科学培训。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

One of the major intellectual achievements of the 20th century was the development of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. This model succeeded in classifying all of the elementary particles known at the time into a hierarchy of groups having similar quantum properties. The validity of this model to date was confirmed by the discovery of the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. However, the Standard Model as it currently exists leaves open many questions about the universe, including such fundamental questions as to why the Higgs mass has the value it has and why there is no antimatter in the universe. One of the primary areas to search for answers to these and other open questions about the universe, how it came to be and why it is the way it is, is to focus on a study of the properties of neutrinos and to use what we know and can learn about neutrinos as probes of science beyond the Standard Model. Neutrinos are those elementary particles that interact with practically nothing else in the universe. They have no electric charge and were once thought to be massless. We now know there are three kinds of neutrinos that are distinguishable through the different interactions that they undergo whenever there is an interaction. We also know that neutrinos do have a mass and because they do, they can actually change from one type to another. Detailed measurements of these changes, along with other current neutrino experiments, form one of the most promising ways to probe for new physics beyond the Standard Model. Such measurements lie at the heart of this project which include activities of the Syracuse University neutrino group on the MicroBooNE, NOvA, SBND, and DUNE experiments. These activities include measurements with NOvA’s test beam that will impact the experiment’s ability to resolve the neutrino mass hierarchy; on the MicroBooNE experiment, analyses of low-energy activity that has relevance for supernova physics and basic neutrino interaction studies, and on the DUNE experiment the group will make significant contributions to the construction of the anode plane assemblies needed to realize this enormous detector. There is currently a large interest in experimental particle physics in Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers (LArTPC) spurred in part by the DUNE project at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) and in neutrino physics in general. This award supports work that refines LArTPC technology, using a test beam and at the MicroBooNE experiment at FNAL. LArTPC detector technology is scalable to the very large masses (perhaps 10 kiloTons) needed by next generation neutrino experiments and is capable of recording three-dimensional digital images of particle trajectories. MicroBooNE is making a variety of interesting physics measurements, as well as serving as a proving ground for new hardware techniques relevant for future experiments. Another aspect of the work in this award is the analysis of data from a large LArTPC detector at CERN called ProtoDUNE. The lessons learned here will inform the future DUNE detector design. The broader impact of this work will involve undergraduates, graduate students, and postdoctoral researchers, all of whom will receive valuable experience and training in experimental research that will be applicable in their future career trajectories. The Syracuse group will continue with several outreach efforts as part of this award. The public will be informed about the exciting research in particle physics via the hosting of in-person Masterclass activities. Finally, the group will take advantage of Syracuse University’s unique commitment to the education of veterans of the U.S. armed services and engage this population of students in the DUNE hardware efforts on campus, providing valuable technical and scientific training.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.