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New Directions in Physics Beyond the Standard Model

超越标准模型的物理学新方向

基本信息

批准号：
2210498
负责人：
Neal Weiner
金额：
$ 63万
依托单位：
New York University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2022-08-01 至 2025-07-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2210498&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
New Directions Physics Beyond Standard

项目摘要

This award funds the research activities of Professors Neal Weiner and Joshua Ruderman at New York University.The Standard Model (SM) of Particle Physics has been exceptionally successful in describing observed phenomena. However, a number of motivations exist for physics beyond the Standard Model, not the least of which is the existence of the dark matter which dominates the galaxies of the universe. Searches for new phenomena are now providing copious amounts of experimental data. In recent years the Large Hadron Collider has collected a sizable dataset derived from the scattering of elementary particles after they are accelerated to great speeds and made to collide. Likewise, new searches for dark matter have tested many of the predictions of the most popular theoretical models of dark matter. So far all of these results seem consistent with the SM, and decisive non-gravitational evidence for dark matter has not emerged. But much more data is coming. The LHC has just begun operating at even higher energies and anticipates collecting twice as much data in the next few years as was collected previously. Future axion-detection experiments will probe the possible existence of dark matter with masses near those of the heavier elementary particles already discovered (such as the famous Higgs boson), and diverse experiments are emerging to probe dark matter at lighter mass scales as well. Moreover, theoretical studies now are pointing to what the next generation of experiments should look like. Understanding the implications of ongoing experiments and where they are lacking will help place the US in a central position to uncover new physical laws and/or discover new particles. As a consequence, it is in the national interest to fund theoretical research that helps leverage our already sizable investments in experiment. In this context, where significant data has arrived but much more is yet to come, Professors Weiner and Ruderman will carry out a diverse research program in theoretical particle physics, one which stretches across multiple length scales in anticipation of multiple emerging datasets from experiments. This research will also have significant broader impacts. The PIs will create a Math for Physical Sciences Bootcamp lecture series for high-school students. They will also give public lectures, and will grant Physics in Media Fellowships to support the travel of journalism and film students to visit physics experiments that will appear in their stories and movies.More technically, the PIs will develop a range of new models of dark matter and particle physics, aimed at understanding what the search capacity for existing and planned experiments will be and to motivate new experiments. In particular, the PIs will study models of interacting dark radiation and their impact on measurements of the Hubble parameter. They will develop new models where dark matter is produced by exponential growth or oscillations. They will also develop new models of dissipative and self-interacting dark matter, and will study their impact on structure formation. They will develop ways to exploit astrometric lensing and axion star explosions in order to provide novel tests of dark-matter properties. They will also develop a systematic procedure for treating CP violation in SMEFT using invariant objects, and will deploy this procedure to study the size of CP violation imprinted by various UV completions. Finally, the PIs will respond to new data as it emerges to determine their theoretical implications.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项资助了纽约大学的Neal Weiner和约书亚鲁德曼教授的研究活动。粒子物理学的标准模型（SM）在描述观察到的现象方面非常成功。然而，标准模型之外的物理学存在许多动机，其中最重要的是支配宇宙星系的暗物质的存在。对新现象的搜索现在提供了大量的实验数据。近年来，大型强子对撞机已经收集了一个相当大的数据集，这些数据集来自于基本粒子加速到很高的速度并发生碰撞后的散射。同样，对暗物质的新探索也验证了许多最流行的暗物质理论模型的预测。到目前为止，所有这些结果似乎都与SM相一致，并且还没有出现暗物质的决定性非引力证据。更多的数据正在到来。大型强子对撞机刚刚开始在更高的能量下运行，预计在未来几年内收集的数据将是以前收集的两倍。未来的轴子探测实验将探测质量接近已发现的较重基本粒子（如著名的希格斯玻色子）的暗物质的可能存在，各种各样的实验也在出现，以探测较轻质量尺度的暗物质。此外，现在的理论研究正在指出下一代实验应该是什么样子。了解正在进行的实验的含义以及它们的不足之处，将有助于将美国置于揭示新物理定律和/或发现新粒子的中心位置。因此，资助理论研究符合国家利益，有助于利用我们已经相当大的实验投资。在这种情况下，重要的数据已经到来，但更多的是还没有到来，教授韦纳和鲁德曼将在理论粒子物理学开展多样化的研究计划，其中一个跨越多个长度尺度，预计从实验中出现多个数据集。这项研究也将产生更广泛的影响。 PI将为高中生创建一个物理科学数学训练营系列讲座。他们还将举办公开讲座，并将授予媒体中的物理学奖学金，以支持新闻和电影专业的学生前往参观将出现在他们的故事和电影中的物理实验。更技术性的是，PI将开发一系列新的暗物质和粒子物理模型，旨在了解现有和计划中的实验的搜索能力，并激励新的实验。特别是，PI将研究相互作用的暗辐射模型及其对哈勃参数测量的影响。他们将开发新的模型，其中暗物质是通过指数增长或振荡产生的。他们还将开发耗散和自相互作用暗物质的新模型，并将研究它们对结构形成的影响。他们将开发利用天体测量透镜和轴子星星爆炸的方法，以提供对暗物质性质的新测试。他们还将开发一个系统的程序，用于使用不变对象处理SMEFT中的CP违规，并将部署此程序来研究各种UV完成所印记的CP违规的大小。最后，PI将对新数据做出回应，以确定其理论含义。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。