War, Revolution and the Expansion of Women's Political Citizenship

战争、革命和妇女政治公民权的扩大

• 批准号: 2212756
• 负责人: Aili Tripp
• 金额: $ 20万
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Madison
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-07-15 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2212756&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: War; Revolution; Expansion; Women; Political

This project explores the relationship between conflict and the expansion of women’s political citizenship from 1900 to 2022. It considers two key forms of political citizenship: women’s suffrage and the expansion of women’s representation in national and subnational governing bodies. While there are multiple paths to expanding women’s citizenship, women’s political rights have often increased more rapidly in times of conflict and revolution. The decline of empires after World Wars I and II served as a catalyst for the subsequent creation of new nations along with the expansion of women’s suffrage and their right to run for office. Civil wars, wars of national liberation, and revolutions have had similar outcomes in expanding women’s political citizenship under certain conditions. This study advances theoretical understanding of how conflict opens up opportunities and creates conditions for the expansion of women’s citizenship. The study has potential implications for understanding propitious moments for advancing women’s rights. This study involves a study of archival and secondary in-country sources relating to women’s political citizenship at critical junctures of transition from an old to a new political order. It is hypothesized that the expansion of opportunities and women’s citizenship occurs especially where conflict leads to changes in the political elite. Conflict also opens up opportunity structures (e.g., peace talks, electoral and constitutional reform processes) that allow for women’s rights mobilization. Finally, these changes often occur in the context of a diffusion of changing global norms. Selected cases represent the different types of conflict. The first group includes cases diverse in time and location tied to the end of empire in the context of conflict. For a second group the conflict is the end of civil war. A third group, included for contrast, is cases with an absence of conflict.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

本项目探讨了1900年至2022年间冲突与女性政治公民扩张之间的关系。它考虑了政治公民身份的两种主要形式：妇女选举权和扩大妇女在国家和国家以下各级理事机构中的代表性。虽然扩大妇女公民权有多种途径，但在冲突和革命时期，妇女的政治权利往往增加得更快。第一次和第二次世界大战后帝国的衰落促进了随后新国家的建立，同时也扩大了妇女的选举权和竞选公职的权利。内战、民族解放战争和革命在一定条件下扩大妇女的政治公民权都有类似的结果。这项研究促进了对冲突如何为扩大妇女公民身份提供机会和创造条件的理论理解。这项研究对理解促进妇女权利的有利时刻具有潜在的意义。这项研究包括研究从旧政治秩序向新政治秩序过渡的关键时刻有关妇女政治公民身份的档案和国内二手资料。据推测，特别是在冲突导致政治精英发生变化的地方，机会和妇女公民身份的扩大会发生。冲突也开辟了机会结构（例如，和平谈判、选举和宪法改革进程），使妇女权利动员成为可能。最后，这些变化往往发生在不断变化的全球规范扩散的背景下。选定的案例代表了不同类型的冲突。第一组包括不同时间和地点的案例，这些案例与冲突背景下帝国的终结有关。对第二种人来说，冲突意味着内战的结束。作为对比，第三组是没有冲突的案例。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。