Doctoral Dissertation Research: The evolutionary history of the human and ape knee

博士论文研究：人类和猿膝的进化史

• 批准号: 2215721
• 负责人: Jeremy DeSilva
• 金额: $ 2.32万
• 依托单位: Dartmouth College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-01 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2215721&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; evolutionary; history

Bipedalism, or upright walking, is a defining characteristic of modern and ancestral humans. It was one of the earliest defining traits of the human lineage and played a significant role in shaping our behavior and anatomy. To better understand the evolution of bipedalism, many researchers have studied the pelvis, foot, and vertebral column, all of which play a part in bipedal movement; somewhat less attention has been paid to the knee joint despite its essential role during human bipedalism. This doctoral dissertation research project studies the movement and anatomy of the knee joint and the results of the research can be relevant both for understanding the origins and evolution of human upright walking, as well as functional anatomy of the knee joint. Given the high frequency of knee replacement in the U.S., this offers one key example of how evolutionary understandings can potentially inform medical perspectives, and approaches to injury prevention and intervention.The goal of this research is to investigate the relationship between knee joint anatomy and locomotor function in modern primates to help understand the pattern of locomotor behavior in hominin and hominoid fossil records. This project is carried out in three complementary phases that combine modern primate kinematic data, modern primate skeletal data, and data collected from the distal femur, proximal tibia, and patella of fossil hominins and hominoids. These phases include collection of kinematic data on gait and degree of knee extension in living primates as they walk bipedally, skeletal sample measurements in individuals of the same species from museum collections, and application of results of the first two phases to interpret anatomy in the human and ape fossil record. Ultimately the results of this research can inform paleoanthropological perspectives regarding the body form from which modern human bipedalism evolved.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

双皮亚主义或直立的步行是现代和祖先人类的定义特征。它是人类谱系最早定义特征之一，在塑造我们的行为和解剖结构中发挥了重要作用。为了更好地理解双皮亚主义的演变，许多研究人员研究了骨盆，脚和椎骨柱，所有这些都在两足运动中发挥了作用。尽管它在人类的两性主义中起着至关重要的作用，但对膝关节的关注却少一些。该博士学位论文研究项目研究了膝关节的运动和解剖结构，研究结果与理解人类直立步行的起源和进化以及膝关节的功能解剖结构有关。鉴于美国的膝盖置换频率很高，这提供了一个关键例子，说明进化理解如何有可能为医学观点提供信息，以及预防损伤和干预的方法。这项研究的目的是研究膝关节解剖学与现代灵长类动物的膝关节解剖学和运动能力之间的关系，以帮助理解国内素和家庭素质和家庭素质的运动模式的模式。该项目是在三个互补阶段进行的，这些阶段结合了现代灵长类动物运动学数据，现代灵长类动物骨骼数据以及从股骨远端，胫骨近端收集的数据以及化石人类蛋白和人类样本的the骨。这些阶段包括收集有关步态和膝盖延伸程度的运动灵长类动物的学程度，从博物馆收集中同一物种的个体中的个体中的骨骼样本测量以及前两个阶段的结果在人类和猿化石记录中解释解剖学的结果。最终，这项研究的结果可以为古人类学的观点提供有关现代人类两性主义演变的身体形式的观点。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子和更广泛影响的评估来审查标准的评估值得支持的。