MCA: Using phylogenetic comparative methods to link plant-soil interactions, including with pathogens and mutualists, with physiological mechanisms across Rhododendron

MCA：使用系统发育比较方法将植物-土壤相互作用（包括与病原体和互利共生体）与杜鹃花的生理机制联系起来

• 批准号: 2217714
• 负责人: Jean Burns
• 金额: $ 32.31万
• 依托单位: Case Western Reserve University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-01-01 至 2025-12-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2217714&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: MCA; Using; phylogenetic; comparative; methods

Plant interactions with soil microbes, including pathogens and mutualists, are critical for plant health, diversity, distribution, and abundance. Missing from much of this research is the link between evolutionary history and physiological mechanisms. This work explores the hypothesis that disease tolerance has been shaped in part by physiological adaptations to water, which balance fundamental tradeoffs between water retention and carbon acquisition. Because diseases like root rot limit access to water, physiological adaptations to water stress may be essential to understanding disease tolerance. Similarly, the presence of belowground mutualists may also mediate disease tolerance through physiological mechanisms. To explore these issues, the investigator will integrate physiological and microbial approaches across diverse Rhododendron taxa. Rhododendron provide an ideal system to conduct this research because of the variation among species in disease susceptibility to an invasive plant pathogen (Phytophthora cinnamomi). Phytophthora cinnamomi causes root rot disease and can infect over 5000 plant species. Understanding the mechanisms governing this interaction can improve selection for stress and disease tolerant crops. Characterizing the beneficial effects of mycorrhizal fungal mutualists also will enhance horticultural outcomes, including leading to healthier plants for the nursery industry. The project will give a mid-career scientist the opportunity to learn new physiological and microbiological tools to be applied to this and future projects. This work will enhance the PI’s career goals of developing a physiological and mechanistic program of study, deepening the understanding of plant-soil interactions, progressing toward promotion to Professor, and training a diverse lab in ecology and physiology. The PI and collaborators will provide training for diverse graduate and undergraduate researchers. Recruitment efforts will leverage existing programs such as the McNair Scholars and the North Star Consortium at Case Western Reserve University.This investigator will conduct common garden and greenhouse experiments to explore the physiological and phylogenetic determinants of disease susceptibility. Growing 20 Rhododendron species across an experimental water gradient will provide a test of whether responses to water stress are shaped by evolutionary history. A greenhouse experiment will test how physiological mechanisms influence pathogen tolerance. Another experiment will explore how mycorrhizal mutualists modify physiological traits and disease susceptibility. This mid-career advancement award will also train the PI in cutting edge plant physiological techniques, including the measurement of turgor loss point, will train a graduate student in plant physiology and ecology, and will provide training opportunities for undergraduate researchers. This work will also include the development of an open access database, RA-LEAFY, to tap into the considerable community of enthusiastic Rhododendron and Azalea hobbyists and generate opportunities for scientific engagement for diverse students and community members. By providing an accessible entry point into scientific research, this work will enhance recruitment of diverse talent to the scientific workforce.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

植物与土壤微生物的相互作用，包括病原体和互利共生，对植物健康，多样性，分布和丰富度至关重要。这些研究的大部分内容都缺少进化历史和生理机制之间的联系。这项工作探讨了这样一种假设，即疾病耐受性部分是由对水的生理适应形成的，这种适应平衡了水保持和碳获取之间的基本权衡。由于根腐病等疾病限制了水的获取，因此对水分胁迫的生理适应可能对理解疾病耐受性至关重要。同样地，地下互利共生体的存在也可能通过生理机制介导疾病耐受性。为了探索这些问题，研究人员将整合生理和微生物的方法在不同的杜鹃类群。杜鹃花属植物对入侵植物病原菌（Phytophthora cinnamomi）的感病性存在物种间的差异，为开展这一研究提供了一个理想的系统。肉桂疫霉（Phytophthora cinnamomi）引起根腐病，可感染5000多种植物。了解这种相互作用的机制可以改善对耐胁迫和抗病作物的选择。描述菌根真菌互利共生的有益效果也将提高园艺成果，包括为苗圃行业带来更健康的植物。该项目将为职业生涯中期的科学家提供学习新的生理和微生物工具的机会，这些工具将应用于本项目和未来的项目。这项工作将提高PI的职业目标，即制定生理学和机械学研究计划，加深对植物-土壤相互作用的理解，晋升为教授，并培养多样化的生态学和生理学实验室。PI和合作者将为不同的研究生和本科生研究人员提供培训。招募工作将利用现有的计划，如麦克奈尔学者和北星星财团在凯斯西储大学。这名调查员将进行共同的花园和温室实验，以探索疾病易感性的生理和系统发育决定因素。生长20种杜鹃花跨越实验水梯度将提供一个测试是否响应水胁迫是由进化历史形成的。温室实验将测试生理机制如何影响病原体耐受性。另一个实验将探索菌根互惠者如何改变生理性状和疾病易感性。这个中期职业发展奖还将培训PI在尖端植物生理技术，包括膨压损失点的测量，将培养植物生理学和生态学的研究生，并将为本科研究人员提供培训机会。这项工作还将包括开发一个开放式数据库RA-LEAFY，以利用大量热情的杜鹃花和杜鹃花爱好者社区，并为不同的学生和社区成员创造科学参与的机会。通过为科学研究提供一个可访问的切入点，这项工作将加强招聘不同的人才到科学劳动力。这个奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。

项目成果

Invaders responded more positively to soil biota than native or noninvasive introduced species, consistent with enemy escape

• DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02919-y
• 发表时间: 2022-09
• 期刊: Biological Invasions
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Yu Liu;Yu-long Zheng;Lydia V. Jahn;J. H. Burns

Phosphite indirectly mediates protection against root rot disease via altering soil fungal community in Rhododendron species

亚磷酸盐通过改变杜鹃花的土壤真菌群落间接介导根腐病的预防

• DOI: 10.1007/s11104-023-06129-w
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Plant and Soil
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: Liu, Yu;Burke, David J.;Medeiros, Juliana S.;Carrino-Kyker, Sarah R.;Burns, Jean H.
• 通讯作者: Burns, Jean H.

Leaf discoloration in Rhododendron species exposed to Phytophthora cinnamomi corresponds with future mortality

接触肉桂疫霉的杜鹃花叶子变色与未来的死亡率相对应

• DOI: 10.17605/osf.io/589pn
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: OSF
• 作者: Cryan, Anna;Liu, Yu;S, Juliana Medeiros;H., Jean Burns
• 通讯作者: H., Jean Burns