An Investigation Of Long Term Integrative Mechanisms In A Colonial Context

明尼苏达大学的Steve Kosiba博士及其同事将进行跨学科研究，以了解不同种族的人如何创造新的社区来抵御压迫性的政治制度。此前关于此类社区的奖学金研究了已经建立的民族群体的文化韧性，重点关注被奴役或殖民的人民如何通过维护传统、发展共同的文化象征或参与公共政治行动来忍受社会困境的历史记录。考古学以其独特的能力来追踪人们在不同时间使用的材料和空间，能够为多民族社区的形成和持续提供重要的新见解。它可以揭示生活在社会胁迫下的人们寻求跨越种族界限，形成社会联系，并在专制统治面前加强自主权的更不显眼的做法和隐藏的互动。这些做法中有许多是秘密的，因此不载于占统治地位的政权的书面历史或行政文件。在更广泛的科学影响方面，该项目培养美国学生先进的科学方法，并为南美洲的社会科学，环境和文化遗产研究创建一个永久的实验室和博物馆空间。Kosiba博士和研究团队将联合收割机结合考古和历史方法来研究专制国家的劳动条件，重点是是否以及如何通过策划一个隐藏的经济主体劳动者建立社区。该项目的重点是鲁米科尔卡，一个巨大的劳工殖民地在库斯科，秘鲁，在那里被迫搬迁的工人从不同的安第斯民族采石的连续印加，然后西班牙帝国政权（公元1450年至1650年）。初步的考古研究表明，印加和西班牙当局在鲁米科尔卡隔离和限制劳工，但档案研究表明，这些劳工联合起来，建立了一个持续了几个世纪的新社区。这项研究验证了一个假设，即尽管帝国一直试图限制殖民地内的互动和文化表达，但这些劳工以不显眼的方式协调家务和其他生产程序，以赋予一个当局无法看到的社区权力。详细的考古测绘和发掘将记录殖民地的建筑，揭示印加和西班牙政权如何限制劳动者之间的互动。对社区和工作区的调查将揭示劳动者通过集中劳动力、建立秘密贸易网络或共享资源来整合社区的做法。对人类墓葬的档案研究和分析将提供有关为印加和西班牙帝国劳动的安第斯土著人民的种族要求、身体创伤、健康、营养和个人地位的前所未有的信息。为了将这些类型的证据联系在一起并进行分析，该项目建立了一个数字数据库，通过开发一种系统记录和分析跨空间和时间的文物和材料的方法，使考古学受益。

Dr. Steve Kosiba, of the University of Minnesota, and colleagues will conduct interdisciplinary research to understand the practices through which people of diverse ethnicities create new communities to withstand oppressive political regimes. Previous scholarship on such communities has studied the cultural resilience of already-established ethnic groups, focusing on historical accounts of how enslaved or colonized peoples endured their social predicament by maintaining traditions, developing common cultural symbols, or participating in public political actions. Archaeology, with its unique ability to trace the materials and spaces people used across time, is well positioned to offer important new insights into the formation and persistence of ethnically diverse communities. It can reveal the more inconspicuous practices and hidden interactions whereby people living under social duress sought to work across ethnic boundaries, form social ties, and bolster their autonomy in the face of authoritarian rule. Many of these practices were meant to be covert, and therefore they are not contained in the written histories or administrative documents of dominant regimes. In terms of broader scientific impacts, the project trains U.S. students in advanced scientific methods, and creates a permanent laboratory and museum space for social science, environmental, and cultural heritage research in South America.Dr. Kosiba and the research team will combine archaeological and historical methods to study labor conditions in an authoritarian state, with emphasis on whether and how subject laborers founded communities by orchestrating a hidden economy. The project focuses on Rumiqolqa, a massive labor colony in Cuzco, Peru where forcibly relocated workers from various Andean ethnicities quarried stone for successive Inca and then Spanish imperial regimes (AD 1450-1650). Preliminary archaeological research indicates that Inca and Spanish authorities segregated and confined laborers at Rumiqolqa, but archival studies demonstrate that these laborers banded together and founded a new community that persisted for centuries. The research tests the hypothesis that, despite persistent imperial attempts to restrict interaction and cultural expression within the colony, these laborers coordinated domestic tasks and other production routines in inconspicuous ways to empower a community that was beyond the view of authorities. Detailed archaeological mapping and excavations will record the architecture of the colony, revealing how Inca and Spanish regimes constrained interactions among laborers. Excavations of neighborhoods and work areas will uncover the practices through which the laborers integrated communities by pooling labor, establishing clandestine trade networks, or sharing resources. Archival studies and analyses of human burials will provide unprecedented information on the ethnic claims, physical trauma, health, nutrition, and individual status of indigenous Andean people who labored for Inca and Spanish empires. To link together and analyze these types of evidence, the project assembles a digital database that will benefit archaeological science by developing a method for the systematic documentation and analysis of artifacts and materials across space and time.