Improving Brain-Behavior Markers of Preschool Executive Function through aGroup-Based Parenting Intervention for Low-Income Families

项目摘要 执行功能（EF）障碍，支持自我调节的认知过程， 影响生活在贫困中的儿童，增加儿童破坏性行为障碍的脆弱性; 对立违抗性障碍，品行障碍），这会引发一连串的心理健康问题， 在整个生命周期中的心理社会问题。与怀孕有关的压力和不适应的父母教养方式 与儿童神经和行为EF标志物的改变有关;尽管如此，还没有研究 如果父母预防计划可以直接针对儿童EF，并通过改善EF，减少破坏性 高危儿童的行为。K23指导的以患者为导向的研究职业发展奖 申请寻求进行一项机械随机临床试验，以确定是否神经行为 儿童EF指数是一个实验性的治疗目标，可以通过护理人员的参与进行修改， 芝加哥家长计划（CPP; Aim 1）。与NIMH研究领域标准框架一致， 将在多个分析水平（脑电图[EEG]，行为， 调查）。该项目还试图评估儿童神经行为EF的增加是否介导了 CPP在短期随访中减少破坏性行为问题的效果（目标2）。该项目将 还探讨是否增加具体的育儿做法（纪律，脚手架），以前与 EF的个体差异介导CPP在预测儿童神经行为EF变化中的作用 (Aim 3）。样本将包括90名符合医疗补助条件的父母-子女（4-5岁），并将雇用一名 一种新的招募方法，目标儿童在基线时将有中度至重度EF延迟，但 不符合DBD的诊断标准。与候选人的转化临床科学家职业生涯一致 目标，候选人寻求关键的培训：以社区为基础的研究和传播， 实施科学，先进的脑电图方法，以评估神经行为EF预防目标 干预措施和统计技能，以设计和评估临床试验。培训将发生在一个突出的 跨学科的环境在伊利诺伊大学芝加哥分校，在精神病学系， 利用该部门在社区精神卫生服务研究、传播 以及执行科学和情感神经科学。导师阿特金斯、菲茨杰拉德和鲍米克博士， Klumpp、Wakschlag、Gross和汉德利博士在培训领域拥有专业知识， 早期职业指导的历史，并将共同努力，以确保候选人的成功过渡到 研究独立性。研究结果将支持R 01应用程序，以在更大范围内验证结果 并作为预防干预科学家开始候选人的学术生涯。调查结果具有重要意义 有可能确定CPP是否是一种具有成本效益的育儿干预措施，可以改变神经行为EF指数 在城市贫困儿童中，DBDs的病因学风险机制理论化，从而预防DBDs。

PROJECT ABSTRACT Impairments in executive functioning (EF), cognitive processes that support self-regulation, disproportionately impact children living in poverty and increase vulnerability for childhood disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs; oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder), which trigger a cascade of mental health problems and psychosocial difficulties across the lifespan. Poverty-related stress and maladaptive parenting styles have been linked to alterations of neural and behavioral EF markers in children; despite this, no studies have studied if parenting prevention programs can directly target childhood EF, and through improving EF, reduce disruptive behaviors in at-risk children. This K23 Mentored Patient-Oriented Research Career Development Award application seeks to conduct a mechanistic randomized clinical trial to determine whether neural-behavioral indices of childhood EF is an experimental therapeutic target that can be modified via caregiver participation in the Chicago Parent Program (CPP; Aim 1). Consistent with the NIMH Research Domain Criteria framework, childhood EF will be assessed across multiple levels of analysis (electroencephalogram [EEG], behavior, survey). The project also seeks to evaluate whether increases in childhood neural-behavioral EF mediate the effects of CPP in reducing disruptive behavior problems over a short-term follow-up (Aim 2). The project will also explore whether increases in specific parenting practices (discipline, scaffolding), previously linked to individual differences in EF, mediate the effects of CPP in predicting change in childhood neural-behavioral EF (Aim 3). The sample will include 90 Medicaid eligible parent-child (ages 4-5 years old) dyads; and will employ a novel recruitment approach where the target child will have moderate-to-severe EF delays at baseline but does not meet diagnostic criteria for a DBD. Consistent with the candidate's translational clinical scientist career goals, the candidate seeks crucial training in: community-based research and dissemination and implementation science, advanced EEG methods to evaluate neural-behavioral EF targets of preventive interventions, and statistical skills to design and evaluate clinical trials. Training will occur in an outstanding interdisciplinary environment at the University of Illinois at Chicago, in the Department of Psychiatry and leverage the department's established strengths in community mental health services research, dissemination and implementation science, and affective neuroscience. Mentors Drs. Atkins, Fitzgerald and Bhaumik and consultants Drs. Klumpp, Wakschlag, Gross, and Handley have expertise in the training areas and extensive histories of early career mentorship, and will work together to ensure the candidate's successful transition to research independence. Study findings will support an R01 application to validate the results on a larger scale and launch the candidate's academic career as a preventive intervention scientist. Findings have significant potential to identify whether CPP, a cost-efficient parenting intervention, modifies neural-behavioral EF indices in urban poor children, a theorized etiological risk mechanism of DBDs, and therefore prevent DBDs.