Collaborative Research: A Multi-Wavelength Observational and Theoretical Study of the Fastest Evolving Stellar Explosions

合作研究：最快演化恒星爆炸的多波长观测和理论研究

• 批准号: 2221789
• 负责人: Raffaella Margutti
• 金额: $ 47.15万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-03-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2221789&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Multi; Wavelength; Observational

A new class of fast-rising astronomical events with bright X-ray and radio emission was discovered in 2018. Part of the class known as Fast and Blue Optical Transients (FBOTs), these events are significantly brighter than a supernova (SN), or exploding star, but brighten within a few days, much faster than the tens of days typical for supernovae. They are believed to be powered by a newly-born black hole (BH) or neutron star (NS), which is a very compact type of star. A research team between Northwestern University and the University of Chicago will study these FBOTs with a combination of telescope observations and theoretical investigations. The researchers expect to observe about five FBOTs per year from NSF-funded astronomical survey telescopes such as the Zwicky Transient Facility, enabling them to understand what kind of stars become FBOTs and how compact objects like neutron stars and black holes are formed. The investigators will integrate their research with three educational programs: (i) providing summer research opportunities to under-represented minority and women undergraduates; (ii) work with Chicago-area high school teachers to develop curricular material on stellar explosions for their classes; and (iii) work with visually impaired scientists and professional musicians to translate astronomical measurements into sound. Recent technological advances have revolutionized the investigative power of optical Astronomical Transient surveys (e.g. PanSTARRS and PTF), which allowed the exploration of uncharted territories of the parameter space, and led to the discovery of new types of transients. As the research team showed in their recent study of the Astronomical Transient AT 2018cow, the large FBOT luminosities -- reaching peak luminosities of ~4 X 10^44 erg/s -- and extremely short rise-times of a few days - rule out traditional SN models powered by the radioactive decay of 56Ni , imply small ejecta masses of 0.1 to 0.5 solar masses, and point at the presence of a central engine in the form of a newly-born NS or BH powering the transient's display. The radio-to-X-ray emission from an FBOT provides an unparalleled opportunity to study BHs and NSs at the time of their formation, a phase of evolution that has been hidden to our eyes so far. The research program uniquely combines the strengths of panchromatic observations of FBOTs and a theoretical investigation of the non-thermal properties of the transients informed by ab-initio Particle-In-Cell simulations, with the immediate goals to (i) shed light on the nature of FBOTs stellar progenitors; (ii) provide critical insight onto the process of formation of compact objects and their properties at the time of birth.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

2018年发现了一类新的快速上升的天文事件，具有明亮的X射线和无线电发射。 这类事件被称为快速和蓝色光学瞬变（FBOTs），这些事件明显比超新星（SN）或爆炸的星星更亮，但在几天内变亮，比超新星典型的几十天要快得多。 它们被认为是由一个新诞生的黑洞（BH）或中子星星（NS）提供动力的，中子星是一种非常紧凑的星星。西北大学和芝加哥大学的一个研究小组将结合望远镜观测和理论研究来研究这些FBOTs。 研究人员希望每年从NSF资助的天文观测望远镜（如Zwicky Transient Facility）中观察大约5个FBOTs，使他们能够了解什么样的恒星会成为FBOTs，以及中子星和黑洞等紧凑物体是如何形成的。 研究人员将把他们的研究与三个教育项目相结合：（i）为代表性不足的少数民族和女性本科生提供夏季研究机会;（ii）与芝加哥地区的高中教师合作，为他们的班级开发关于恒星爆炸的课程材料;（iii）与视障科学家和专业音乐家合作，将天文测量转化为声音。最近的技术进步已经彻底改变了光学天文瞬变调查（例如PanSTARRS和PTF）的调查能力，这使得探索未知的参数空间领域成为可能，并导致了新类型瞬变的发现。 正如研究小组在他们最近对天文瞬变AT 2018 cow的研究中所显示的那样，大的FBOT光度-达到~4 X 10^44 erg/s的峰值光度-以及几天的极短上升时间-排除了由56 Ni的放射性衰变提供动力的传统SN模型，意味着0.1至0.5太阳质量的小喷出物质量，并指出中央引擎的存在，其形式是为瞬变显示器供电的新生NS或BH。从FBOT发射的无线电到X射线提供了一个无与伦比的机会来研究BH和NS的形成，这是一个迄今为止一直隐藏在我们眼前的进化阶段。该研究计划独特地结合了FBOTs全色观测的优势和从头算粒子模拟所告知的瞬态非热性质的理论研究，其直接目标是（i）阐明FBOTs恒星祖先的性质;（二）对致密物体的形成过程及其在出生时的性质提供了重要的见解。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

The Circumstellar Environments of Double-peaked, Calcium-strong Transients 2021gno and 2021inl

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac67dc
• 发表时间: 2022-03
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: W. Jacobson-Galán;P. Venkatraman;R. Margutti;D. Khatami;G. Terreran;R. Foley;R. Angulo;C. Angus;K. Auchettl;P. Blanchard;A. Bobrick;J. Bright;D. Brout;K. Chambers;C. Couch;D. Coulter;K. Clever;K. Davis;T. D. de Boer;L. DeMarchi;S. Dodd;D. Jones;J. Johnson;C. Kilpatrick;N. Khetan;Z. Lai;D. Langeroodi;C.-C. Lin-C.;E. Magnier;D. Milisavljevic;H. Perets;J. Pierel;J. Raymond;S. Rest;A. Rest;R. Ridden-Harper;K. Shen;M. Siebert;C. Smith;Kirsty Taggart;S. Tinyanont;F. Valdes;V. Villar;Q. Wang;S. Yadavalli;Y. Zenati;A. Zenteno

Radio and X-Ray Observations of the Luminous Fast Blue Optical Transient AT 2020xnd

发光快蓝光瞬变的无线电和 X 射线观测 AT 2020xnd

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac4506
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Bright, Joe S.;Margutti, Raffaella;Matthews, David;Brethauer, Daniel;Coppejans, Deanne;Wieringa, Mark H.;Metzger, Brian D.;DeMarchi, Lindsay;Laskar, Tanmoy;Romero, Charles
• 通讯作者: Romero, Charles

A Mildly Relativistic Outflow Launched Two Years after Disruption in Tidal Disruption Event AT2018hyz

潮汐扰乱事件 AT2018hyz 扰乱两年后启动了温和的相对论流出

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac88d0
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Cendes, Y.;Berger, E.;Alexander, K. D.;Gomez, S.;Hajela, A.;Chornock, R.;Laskar, T.;Margutti, R.;Metzger, B.;Bietenholz, M. F.
• 通讯作者: Bietenholz, M. F.

Seven Years of Coordinated Chandra–NuSTAR Observations of SN 2014C Unfold the Extreme Mass-loss History of Its Stellar Progenitor

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac8b14
• 发表时间: 2022-06
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: D. Brethauer;R. Margutti;D. Milisavljevic;M. Bietenholz;R. Chornock;D. Coppejans;F. Colle;A. Hajela-A.

Short GRB Host Galaxies. II. A Legacy Sample of Redshifts, Stellar Population Properties, and Implications for Their Neutron Star Merger Origins

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac91d1
• 发表时间: 2022-06
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: A. Nugent;W. Fong;Y. Dong 董;J. Leja;E. Berger;M. Zevin;R. Chornock;B. Cobb;L. Kelley;C. Kilpatrick;A. Levan;R. Margutti;K. Paterson;D. Perley;A. R. Escorial;N. Smith;N. Tanvir