Collaborative Research: CEDAR--Exploring the Response of the Magnetosphere to Terrestrial Weather

陆地气象学对中间层-电离层-热层系统的影响程度（MIT，ca。70-500公里高度）的空间和时间尺度是过去二十年的一项重要发现。平流层突然变暖是低层大气动力学变率与高层大气扰动耦合的重要事件。该项目将利用最先进的和完全双向耦合的多尺度大气-地球空间环境（法师）模型以及地基（SuperMAG）和天基（GOES-14和-15）磁场观测，探索耦合MIT系统中的新的基本连接。 了解电离层和磁层可变性的来源是发展预测能力的必要的第一步，而预测能力对于支持我们现代社会的导航和通信系统的运作至关重要。这项研究将使人们更好地了解地面天气如何与电离层相互作用，产生电场的变化，从而在高层大气中重新分布等离子体。 此外，研究工作将通过参与和培训来自历史上代表性不足的社区的UCAR大气研究和科学（SOARS）的重要机会来扩大参与，并提供多年的指导和职业发展经验。该合作奖项旨在确定和量化低层大气强迫对磁层空间和日常变化的影响程度，并探索可能起作用的耦合机制。 将研究三个科学问题：1）平流层突然变暖（SSW）在多大程度上可以影响上电离层和磁层的时空变化？2)法师对磁层中观测到的SSW引起的变化的近似程度如何？3）大尺度波在将这种低层大气变率动态耦合到磁层中时扮演什么角色？ 这项研究将首次：（1）确定和量化大尺度低层大气强迫对磁层空间和时间变化的影响程度，（2）探索可能起作用的耦合机制，并阐明低层大气扰动在耦合地球天气与整个MIT系统中的作用，该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The extent to which terrestrial meteorology can influence the Mesosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere system (MIT, ca. 70-500 km altitudes) across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales is an important discovery of the past two decades. Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are prominent events that couple dynamical variability in the lower atmosphere with upper atmosphere perturbations. This project will explore novel fundamental connections in the coupled MIT system leveraging the state-of-the-art and fully two-way coupled Multiscale Atmosphere-Geospace Environment (MAGE) model, and ground- (SuperMAG) and space-based (GOES-14 and -15) magnetic field observations. Understanding the sources of ionospheric and magnetospheric variability is a necessary first step in developing predictive capabilities of critical importance to the operation of navigation and communications systems that support our modern society. This research will result in a better understanding of how terrestrial weather interacts with the ionosphere to produce variability in electric fields that redistribute plasma at higher levels in the upper atmosphere. In addition, the research effort will broaden participation by involving and training a UCAR Significant Opportunities in Atmospheric Research and Science (SOARS) protégé from the historically underrepresented communities in a multi-year mentoring and career development experience. This collaborative award is aimed at establishing and quantifying the extent to which lower atmospheric forcing can impact the spatial and day-to-day variability of the magnetosphere and explore what coupling mechanisms may be at play. Three science questions will be investigated: 1) To what extent can Sudden Stratospheric Warmings (SSWs) impact the spatial-temporal variability of the upper ionosphere and magnetosphere? 2) How well does MAGE approximate the SSW-induced variability observed in the magnetosphere? And 3) What roles do large-scale waves play in dynamically coupling this lower atmospheric variability into the magnetosphere? This study will for the first time: (1) establish and quantify the extent to which large-scale lower atmospheric forcing can impact the spatial and temporal variability of the magnetosphere and (2) explore what coupling mechanisms may be at play and elucidate the contribution of lower atmospheric disturbances in coupling terrestrial weather with the entire MIT system, thus addressing outstanding issues of critical importance to both the CEDAR and GEM communities.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.