Collaborative Research: Investigating the factors shaping marine-derived freshwater fish radiations in tropical rivers of Australia and New Guinea

合作研究：调查澳大利亚和新几内亚热带河流中海洋淡水鱼辐射的影响因素

• 批准号: 2225131
• 负责人: Devin Bloom
• 金额: $ 43.1万
• 依托单位: Western Michigan University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-04-01 至 2027-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2225131&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Investigating; factors; shaping

The vast majority of the over 30,000 species of fishes in the world occur either in marine or freshwater ecosystems, not both. However, over the course of millions of years, select lineages of fishes have crossed the boundary between marine and freshwaters, established permanent residence, and diversified in the newly colonized environment. A subset of the fish groups then underwent remarkable evolutionary expansion upon colonizing freshwaters, diversifying into an array of different species that play different ecological roles. Australia and New Guinea are unique because their freshwater fish communities are primarily comprised of lineages derived from marine ancestors, and at least seven such lineages underwent spectacular diversification. This project will explore how varying rates of evolution, ages of different fish groups, and the interactions among fish communities have influenced the evolutionary outcomes of colonizing freshwaters in the Australia-New Guinea region. The study also aims to determine the genetic mechanisms underlying adaptation to freshwater environments, findings of particular relevance to a changing planet. The project will train undergraduate and graduate students in modern biodiversity science, and through student exchanges, provide benefits to US and New Guinean students. High school teachers will be trained to read, interpret, and teach the evolutionary Tree of Life, skills that can be incorporated into K-12 curriculum. Finally, an electronic guide the fishes of New Guinea will be developed and made freely available. While much progress has been achieved in identifying the drivers of adaptive radiation in relation to colonization of islands by terrestrial animals (e.g., finches, anoles) or lakes by fishes (e.g., cichlids, sticklebacks), transitions into rivers by marine groups have rarely been examined in this context. The proposed project will take advantage of a unique 'natural experiment'––the depauperate primary freshwater fish community in rivers of Australia and New Guinea––to examine the extent to which marine-to-freshwater transitions resulted in adaptive radiations. More specifically, it aims to identify the factors that promoted or constrained lineage, phenotypic, and genomic evolution of marine-derived freshwater groups in the region. The project will integrate genomic, morphological, paleontological, and ecological data from more than 400 fish species representing 16 families in the Australia and New Guinea region to study diversification patterns associated not only with transitions across the marine-freshwater boundary but also along the benthic-pelagic axis. Phylogenomic analyses in combination with phylogenetic comparative methods will be used to study how the chronological sequence of habitat transitions influenced the outcome of lineage diversification and morphological evolution of freshwater radiations. Comparative genomic approaches based on whole genomes will be used to identify loci related to functional adaptations, including signatures of molecular adaptation and convergence, as well as gene family expansions and contractions. Ultimately this project will provide an evolutionary framework to help understand the factors regulating adaptive radiations across environmental gradients. It will include student training in fish biodiversity at a variety of levels.This project is jointly funded by the Systematics and Biodiversity Science Program and the Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

世界上超过30，000种鱼类中的绝大多数要么出现在海洋生态系统中，要么出现在淡水生态系统中，而不是两者兼而有之。然而，在数百万年的过程中，鱼类的选择谱系已经跨越了海洋和淡水之间的边界，建立了永久性的居住地，并在新的殖民环境中多样化。一个亚群的鱼类群体，然后经历了显着的进化扩张后，殖民淡水，多样化成一系列不同的物种，发挥不同的生态作用。澳大利亚和新几内亚是独一无二的，因为它们的淡水鱼群落主要由来自海洋祖先的谱系组成，至少有七个这样的谱系经历了惊人的多样化。该项目将探讨不同的进化速度，不同鱼类群体的年龄以及鱼类群落之间的相互作用如何影响澳大利亚-新几内亚地区淡水殖民的进化结果。该研究还旨在确定适应淡水环境的遗传机制，这些发现与不断变化的地球特别相关。该项目将培训现代生物多样性科学的本科生和研究生，并通过学生交流，为美国和新几内亚的学生提供福利。高中教师将接受阅读、解释和教授生命进化树的培训，这些技能可以纳入K-12课程。最后，将编制一份新几内亚鱼类电子指南，并免费提供。虽然在确定与陆地动物在岛屿定居有关的适应性辐射驱动因素方面取得了很大进展（例如，雀鸟，变色龙）或鱼类的湖泊（例如，慈鲷、刺鱼），海洋群体向河流的过渡很少在这方面得到研究。拟议的项目将利用一个独特的“自然实验”-澳大利亚和新几内亚河流中的淡水鱼群落-来研究海洋向淡水过渡导致适应性辐射的程度。更具体地说，它旨在确定促进或限制该地区海洋淡水种群的谱系，表型和基因组进化的因素。该项目将整合来自澳大利亚和新几内亚地区16个科的400多种鱼类的基因组、形态学、古生物学和生态数据，以研究不仅与海洋-淡水边界过渡相关，而且与海洋-淡水边界过渡相关的多样化模式。沿着海底-中上层轴。系统发育比较方法相结合的系统基因组分析将被用来研究栖息地的时间顺序的转变如何影响的淡水辐射的谱系多样性和形态演变的结果。基于全基因组的比较基因组方法将用于识别与功能适应相关的基因座，包括分子适应和收敛的特征，以及基因家族的扩展和收缩。最终，该项目将提供一个进化框架，以帮助理解调节环境梯度适应性辐射的因素。该项目由系统学和生物多样性科学计划和刺激竞争研究的既定计划（EPSCoR）共同资助。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。