HyperTran: High-Performance Transient Stability Simulation of Power Systems on Modern Parallel Computing Hardware

计算机模拟是一种应用广泛但计算量大的方法，用于预测大扰动后电力系统的暂态稳定性。目前，仿真性能落后于行业对在线、实时应用的需求和数据驱动应用的研究需求，特别是对于具有高可再生能源渗透率的实际规模系统。这个NSF项目旨在开发一个高性能框架，使瞬时稳定性模拟的数据、任务和作业并行能够扩展到当代和未来并行计算硬件的全部容量。所提出的框架将对如何表示电力系统模型以及如何构建计算工作流以利用现代并行计算机的理解带来革命性的变化。该项目的智力优势包括：a)通过设计电力系统模型的并行化软件表示，加速微分代数方程（DAE）的构建和求解阶段；b)基于仿真测试用例的特点，识别和利用计算方法和硬件设备。该项目的更广泛影响包括通过开源软件和出版物传播研究成果、综合研究和教育活动，以及提高电网基础设施稳定性的潜力。为实现这一目标，已确定了三项任务。任务1将创建功率模型和计算工作流的软件表示，以便在cpu和图形处理单元（gpu）上为DAE构建过程启用阶段数据和任务并行性。它将通过在优化缓存的同时协调跨模型共享的方程的更新来确保并发执行的正确结果。任务2将开发自适应调度器，以识别和应用最有效的硬件和解决方案算法，为给定的电力系统情况，考虑系统规模，加速技术和实际限制。任务3将研究用于在异构硬件上并行化多场景作业的流水线算法，以构建和解决DAEs，以实现硬件利用率最大化。一旦成功完成，该项目预计将为现代计算硬件建立一个新颖的高性能框架，这将显著加速电力系统动力学的模拟。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Computer simulation is a widely used but computationally intensive method for predicting the transient stability of power systems following large disturbances. Currently, simulation performance lags behind industry demand for online, real-time applications and research need for data-driven applications, particularly for practically sized systems with high penetration of renewable energy. This NSF project aims to develop a high-performance framework that enables data, task, and job parallelisms for transient stability simulations to scale to the full capacity of contemporary and future parallel computing hardware. The proposed framework will bring transformative changes to the understanding of how power system models should be represented and how computational workflows should be structured to take advantage of modern parallel computers. The intellectual merits of the project include a) accelerating the building and solving phases of differential-algebraic equations (DAE) through the design of parallel-enabled software representations of power system models, and b) the identification and utilization of computational methods and hardware devices based on the characteristics of simulation test cases. The broader impacts of the project include the dissemination of research findings via open-source software and publications, integrated research and education activities, and the potential to enhance the stability of the power grid infrastructure.Three tasks have been identified to accomplish the goal. Task 1 will create software representations of power models and computational workflows to enable staged data and task parallelisms for the DAE building process on CPUs and Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). It will ensure correct results from concurrent executions by coordinating the updating of equations shared across models while optimizing caches. Task 2 will develop adaptive dispatchers to identify and apply the most efficient hardware and solution algorithms for given power system cases, considering system size, acceleration techniques, and practical constraints. Task 3 will investigate pipelining algorithms for parallelizing multi-scenario jobs on heterogeneous hardware to build and solve DAEs for maximized hardware utilization. Upon successful completion, the project is expected to have established a novel, high-performance framework for modern computing hardware that will markedly accelerate the simulation of power system dynamics.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.