ORE-CZ: Ecohydrological Controls on Soil Respiration and the Apparent Respiratory Quotient Across a Dynamic Storage Gradient

ORE-CZ：动态蓄水梯度下土壤呼吸和表观呼吸商的生态水文学控制

• 批准号: 2227975
• 负责人: John Knowles
• 金额: $ 20万
• 依托单位: Chico State Enterprises
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-11-01 至 2025-10-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2227975&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: ORE; CZ; Ecohydrological; Controls; Soil

Soils contain more carbon than vegetation and the atmosphere combined, and soil respiration describes the transfer of soil carbon to the atmosphere via plant roots and microbes. As air temperatures rise and water availability changes, changes in the soil respiration flux represent significant potential feedback to the greenhouse effect and the magnitude of future warming. Accordingly, this project will take advantage of soil carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen data provided by the NSF-funded Dynamic Water Critical Zone (CZ) Thematic Cluster to quantify the variability of soil respiration and the fate of soil-produced CO2 with respect to changes in soil development, vegetation, and topography that mediate water availability across representative semi-arid montane elevation and climatic gradients. The research will support career training and learning experiences for graduate and undergraduate students at California State University, Chico, which is a federally designated Hispanic-Serving Institution (HSI), a Primarily Undergraduate Institution, and where more than 50% of the student population are first generation college students. A “bedrock to treetop” CZ approach considers feedbacks between soil, water, landscape position, and living organisms at Earth’s surface. Dynamic water storage - water with intermediate residence times - sustains CZ function between precipitation events, and is critically important to soil respiration and carbon cycling. As a result, the main objective of this research is to quantify the importance of dynamic water storage to the integral CZ functions of soil respiration and the Apparent Respiratory Quotient (ARQ) that determines the degree to which soil-produced CO2 is respired directly to the atmosphere versus transported laterally or vertically with infiltrating water. The investigators will specifically test the hypotheses that (1) soil respiration and the ARQ will be proportional to the volume of dynamic water storage in the root zone, and (2) that dynamic water storage capacity will interact with complex terrain to determine the variability of soil respiration and ARQ over space and time. Because research activities will be replicated and integrated across multiple watersheds, they will allow for evaluation of the transferability of process-based information, toward a more comprehensive understanding of CZ carbon cycling with direct implications for the climate change mitigation potential of semi-arid montane ecosystems. This project was supported with co-funding of the HSI Program which aims to enhance undergraduate STEM education, broaden participation in STEM, and build capacity at HSIs. Achieving these aims, given the diverse nature and context of the HSIs, requires innovative approaches that incentivize institutional and community transformation and promote fundamental research (i) on engaged student learning, (ii) about what it takes to diversify and increase participation in STEM effectively, and (iii) that improves our understanding of how to build institutional capacity at HSIs.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

土壤含有比植被更多的碳，而大气的结合在一起，土壤呼吸描述了通过植物根和微生物将土壤碳转移到大气中的转移。随着空气温度的上升和水的可用性变化，土壤呼吸通量的变化代表了对温室效应的显着反馈和未来变暖的幅度。 According to this, this project will take advantage of soil carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen data provided by the NSF-funded Dynamic Water Critical Zone (CZ) Thematic Cluster to quantify the variability of soil respiration and the fate of soil-produced CO2 with respect to changes in soil development, vegetation, and topography that mediate water availability across representative semi-arid montane elevation and crymatic gradients.该研究将支持奇科加利福尼亚州立大学的研究生和本科生的职业培训和学习经验，该大学是联邦指定的西班牙裔服务机构（HSI），主要是本科机构，其中超过50％的学生是第一代大学生。 “树木到树木”的CZ方法考虑了土壤，水，景观位置和地球表面生物生物之间的反馈。动态储水 - 具有中间停留时间的水 - 在降水事件之间维持CZ功能，对土壤呼吸和碳循环至关重要。结果，这项研究的主要目的是量化动态储水对土壤呼吸的整体CZ功能的重要性，以及明显的呼吸商（ARQ），这些呼吸商（ARQ）确定了土壤产生的CO2的程度，直接呼吸到多于大气上，而不是渗透水。研究人员将特别检验（1）（1）土壤呼吸和ARQ与根部区域中动态储水的体积成正比，并且（2）动态储水能力将与复杂的地形相互作用，以确定在空间和时间上的土壤呼吸差异和ARQ的变化。由于研究活动将在多个流域进行复制和整合，因此它们将允许评估基于过程的信息的转移性，以对CZ碳循环的更全面地理解，直接对攀爬的攀爬变化减轻潜在的山地蒙塔坦生态系统的潜在。该项目得到了HSI计划的共同调查，该计划旨在增强本科STEM教育，扩大参与STEM以及在HSIS的建立能力。鉴于HSI的潜水性质和背景，实现这些目标需要创新的方法，激励机构和社区转型，并促进对参与学生学习的基础研究（i），（ii）关于有效多样化和增加参与STEM的参与以及（iii），以及（iii），并提高了我们对HOW SATITICTARITARIAD TACTORY NSS FARTITS FARTIST FARDS FARD的理解。使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响评估标准进行评估。