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Behavioral and immunohistochemical assessment of selected cognitive functions in elasmobranch fishes (Chiloscyllium griseum)

软骨鱼（Chiloscyllium griseum）选定认知功能的行为和免疫组织化学评估

基本信息

批准号：
252857228
负责人：
Privatdozentin Dr. Vera Schlüssel, Ph.D.
金额：
--
依托单位：
Abteilung für Vergleichende Sinnes- und Neurobiologie
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2013-12-31 至 2015-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/252857228?language=en
关键词：
Behavioral immunohistochemical assessment selected cognitive

项目摘要

Sharks, rays and chimaeras comprise the class Chondrichthyes (about 1200 species), which represents the oldest extant jawed vertebrates and thereby holds a key phylogenetic position to understanding vertebrate brain evolution. While this group was formerly known as primitive fish with primitive brains, research over the last few decades has provided increasing evidence that sharks and rays show sophisticated behaviour, have a complex biology and are equipped with sensory systems perfectly adapted to life underwater. However, despite elaborate research, the extent of cognition within this group is still largely unknown. Based on previous research, our hypothesis is that elasmobranchs have (selected) cognitive abilities that closely match those of many teleosts or other vertebrates. This study aims to provide previously lacking information on selected cognitive functions regarding 1. object categorization, 2. recognition of illusionary contours, 3. aspects of spatial learning and 4. memory retention. To complement the behavioural work, immediate early gene analyses (IEGA) will be performed to determine the neuronal substrates involved in learning and higher cognitive tasks (5). The primary target site is the telencephalon. Experiments will be conducted on the grey bamboo shark (Chiloscyllium griseum), a small, benthic of about 70 cm. All proposed experiments have an ecological significance to the species tested: individuals live in complex environments such as coral reefs, lagoons and inshore areas, are probably territorial, and would therefore benefit from using cognitive spatial maps (experiment 3), spatial memory (Experiments 3, 4) as well as visual categorization abilities (experiment 1) to find and remember hiding places and food patches as well as to recognize and remember con-specifics, predators and prey. Illusionary contours are misreadings of visual information by the brain and demonstrate that the brain has certain preconceptions about the visual world that it applies to the incoming sensory information (Kandel et al. 1991). It would be extremely interesting to determine if the shark brain uses the same basic rules in this regard as other vertebrates (experiment 2). Spatiotemporal learning would provide benefits in regards to foraging efficiency or successful predator avoidance (experiment 3). Relying on global cues instead of local cues (beacons) provides more flexibility, as individual landmarks may disappear or change appearance (experiment 3). So far, no IEG studies have been performed in sharks. The study therefore aims to determine if neuronal activity induced by learning specific tasks induces up-regulation of expression of c-fos and egr-1 in the telencephalon or specific regions thereof (experiment 5).

鲨鱼、鳐和嵌合体组成了软骨鱼类纲（约1200个物种），它代表了现存最古老的有爪脊椎动物，因此在理解脊椎动物大脑进化方面占有关键的系统发育地位。虽然这一群体以前被称为具有原始大脑的原始鱼类，但过去几十年的研究提供了越来越多的证据，证明鲨鱼和鳐鱼表现出复杂的行为，具有复杂的生物学特征，并配备了完全适应水下生活的感觉系统。然而，尽管有精心的研究，这个群体的认知程度在很大程度上仍然未知。基于以前的研究，我们的假设是，板鳃类有（选择）的认知能力，密切配合许多硬骨鱼或其他脊椎动物。这项研究的目的是提供以前缺乏的信息选择认知功能1。对象分类，2.识别错觉轮廓，3.空间学习和4。记忆力为了补充行为工作，将进行立即早期基因分析（IEGA）以确定参与学习和高级认知任务的神经元底物（5）。主要靶点是端脑。实验将在灰竹鲨（Chiloscillogriseum）上进行，这是一种约70厘米的小型底栖动物。所有拟议的实验对受试物种都具有生态学意义：个人生活在复杂的环境中，如珊瑚礁、泻湖和沿海地区，可能是领土，因此将受益于使用认知空间地图（实验3）、空间记忆（实验3，4）以及视觉分类能力（实验1）发现和记住隐藏的地方和食物补丁，以及识别和记住同种，捕食者和猎物。错觉轮廓是大脑对视觉信息的误读，表明大脑对视觉世界有一定的先入之见，并将其应用于传入的感官信息（Kandel et al. 1991）。确定鲨鱼大脑在这方面是否与其他脊椎动物使用相同的基本规则（实验2）将是非常有趣的。时空学习将提供关于觅食效率或成功的捕食者回避（实验3）的好处。依靠全局线索而不是局部线索（信标）提供了更多的灵活性，因为单个地标可能会消失或改变外观（实验3）。到目前为止，还没有对鲨鱼进行IEG研究。因此，该研究旨在确定由学习特定任务诱导的神经元活动是否诱导端脑或其特定区域中c-fos和c-fos-1表达的上调（实验5）。