Planning: ANT LIA Planning an Antarctic Omics Initiative (AOI) to Advance Understanding of the Evolution and Adaptive Potential of Antarctic Organisms

南极洲和南大洋的生命特别容易受到气候变化的影响。了解南极生物和组合如何适应和适应气候变化和级联影响，对于保护工作和预测关键变化至关重要。进化史的蓝图和适应环境变化的潜力被编码在（元）基因组中。该项目是对美国国家科学、工程和医学院（NASEM） 2015年南极和南大洋研究战略愿景的回应，该愿景将促进解码南极生命在不断变化的环境中适应的基因组和功能基础所需的科学。该项目将召集一个研讨会，在不同的生命科学家群体中建立共识，将这一愿景转化为可操作的建议，并且社区建设和规划活动具有巨大的潜力，可以激发南极组学倡议（AOI），通过预测南极生命如何进化、抵抗、适应或容易受到气候变化的影响，这将对社会对南极生命的理解产生重大影响。社会效益包括参与跨学科的科学界，增强南极研究人员的多样性，发展南极科学的新专业知识，以及培养知情的公众。该项目的主要目的是实现在了解极地生物及其与南极洲极其多样化的生态系统的生存和适应之间的不可分割的联系方面取得根本性进展的潜力。该项目将促进一个以结果为导向的研讨会，制定一项实施计划，以在了解南极生物群和群落方面取得变革性进展，并解决大规模、广泛、基于生态系统的问题。他们将通过利用跨生态系统、跨学科的比较基因组方法，促进对环境变化和南极和南大洋极端生态系统的生物适应的综合理解。开放式设计研讨会将吸引具有执行大规模综合基因组学计划、开发培训模式和吸引下一代极地科学家的专业知识的研究人员。通过解决这些大规模的、广泛的、基于生态系统的问题，该项目旨在建立一个可持续的、网络化的国际科学社区，并产生一些想法，作为加速知识获取和社区建设的倡议的基础。该项目旨在通过招募多样化、包容性的参与者群体，建立一个可持续的科学家社区。与会者将总结迄今为止受“组学”启发的研究成果，这些研究有助于我们了解南极的进化和适应，并将研讨会的成果综合在一份报告中，该报告将提供给美国国家科学基金会和科学界。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Life in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean is exceptionally susceptible to climate change. Understanding how Antarctic organisms and assemblages acclimate and adapt to climatic shifts and cascading impacts is essential to conservation efforts and forecasting critical changes. The blueprints of evolutionary history and the potential to adapt to environmental change are encoded in (meta)genomes. This project is a response to the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine’s (NASEM) 2015 Strategic Vision for Antarctic and Southern Ocean Research vision of an Antarctic genomics initiative that would catalyze the science needed to decode the genomic and functional bases of adaptation in changing environments across the spectrum of Antarctic life. The project will convene a workshop to build consensus across a diverse community of life scientists to turn this vision into actionable proposals, and there is significant potential for the community building and planning activities to galvanize an Antarctic ‘Omics Initiative (AOI) that will have considerable impacts on society’s understanding of Antarctic life by engendering predictions of how it may evolve, resist, acclimate, or become susceptible to changes in climate. Societal benefits include engaging the scientific community across multiple disciplines, enhancing the diversity of Antarctic researchers, developing new expertise in Antarctic sciences, and fostering an informed public. The primary aim of this project is to realize the potential for making fundamental advances in understanding polar life and its inextricable links to survival and adaptation across Antarctica’s remarkably diverse ecosystems. The project will facilitate a results-driven workshop to create an implementation plan for making transformative advances in understanding Antarctic biota and assemblages and address large-scale, broad, ecosystem-based questions. They will foster an integrative understanding of biological adaptation to environmental change and the extreme ecosystems found in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean by utilizing cross-ecosystem, interdisciplinary comparative genomic approaches. The open-design workshop will engage researchers with expertise in executing large scale, integrated genomics programs, developing models for training, and engaging the next generation of polar scientists. By addressing these large-scale, broad, ecosystem-based questions, this project aims to build a sustainable, networked, international scientific community and engender ideas to serve as the foundation for an initiative that will accelerate knowledge gain and community building. The project aims to build a sustainable community of scientists by recruiting a diverse, inclusive cohort of participants. The participants will create a summary of contributions to date of ‘omics-inspired studies that have contributed to our understanding of Antarctic evolution and adaptation and synthesize the outcomes of the workshop in a report that will be available to NSF and the scientific community.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.