Integrative Safety-Awareness-Model for the Prevention of Accidents on Construction Sites (iSAM)

2011年德国建筑工地共发生116,689起工作事故。在人的方面，这些事故对有关人员的健康产生重大影响。在经济方面，这些事故导致个别建设项目和整个经济的成本上升。为了减少建筑工地严重和致命事故的数量，必须开发新的综合模式和相关方法。在这个地区，对于特殊的施工过程，实际上只有单一的孤岛解决方案：缺少一个通用的模型。因此，有必要开展新的综合模型研究工作。本研究的目的是建立一个新的建筑工地工作事故预防的综合模型。影响施工过程安全的因素和边界条件很多。特别是在施工车辆移动区域和平行作业过程的空间交叉处，发生事故的风险非常高。已经为特殊应用开发了一些单独的解决方案，但是在启用早期预警系统方面缺乏一个包含所有应用的综合模型。在提案中，这种新特性被称为安全意识。为了弥补这一研究不足，建议中的方法如下，用于集成的独立于软件的正式安全意识模型（iSAM）：首先，必须用新的安全交互关系来补充构建过程模型，其次，必须用传感器识别安全相关事件，第三，与新的多代理系统相结合，必须实现早期预警功能。本文在借鉴国际上已有的相关工作的基础上，对工作包进行了详细的阐述，以达到本基础研究的目的：(1)利用属性和事件数据识别安全相关建筑过程的参考场景，并对目标场景进行规范；(2)检测需求并分析适合过程建模的方法；多智能体系统和传感器(3)集成安全意识模型各层的软件独立形式化建模(4)演示器(5)基于目标场景的结果和感知的验证、验证和消散(6)工作报告和出版物。

116,689 working accidents happened in the year 2011 on German construction sites. On the human side these accidents have significant consequences for the health of the involved persons. On the economic side this accidents lead to rising costs for the individual construction project and for the whole economy in general. To reduce the number of severe and deadly accidents on construction sites new models and related methods with an integrated approach have to be developed. In this area there are actually only single island solutions for special construction processes: a general model is missing. Therefore, new research work for an integrative model is necessary.The aim of this research proposal is to develop a new integrative model for the prevention of working accidents on construction sites. Many factors and boundary conditions have an influence on the safety of construction processes. Especially, in the area of moving construction vehicles and in the spatial intersection of parallel conducted working processes the risk for accidents is very high. Some individual solutions have been developed for special applications, but an integrative model embracing all applications in terms of enabling an early warning system is missing. In the proposal this new characteristic is called safety-awareness.To close this lack of research the approach in the proposal is as follows for the integrative software-independent formal Safety-Awareness-Model (iSAM): firstly, building process models have to be supplemented with new safety interaction relationships, secondly, safety relevant events have to be identified with sensors and, thirdly, in combination with a new multi-agent-system the early warning functionality has to be implemented. On base of the international respective work in advance of the proposer the working packages are in detail to reach the aims of the this basic research:(1) Identification of reference scenarios for safety relevant building processes with attribute and event data plus specification of the target scenario(2) Detection of requirements and analysis of suitable methods for process modeling, multi-agent -systems and sensors(3) Software-independent formal modeling of the layers of the integrative Safety-Awareness-Model(4) Demonstrator(5) Verification, Validation and dissipation of results and perceptions on base of the target scenario(6) Working report and publications.