Investigation and modelling of the operational behaviour of tapered roller bearings at high speeds

尽管与主轴轴承相比，圆锥滚子轴承具有更高的额定载荷和更高的刚性，但在机床主轴上使用圆锥滚子轴承进行重粗加工和高性能计算的情况并不常见。这主要是因为它们的额定转速较低，而且对它们的高速运行行为的了解有限。本研究项目追求两个主要目标：第一，开发描述圆锥滚子轴承高速运行行为的算法。通常，对轴承内部的滚动和滑动接触进行建模是这些计算的基础。具体来说，必须特别强调摩擦学上至关重要的非赫兹滚子-肋条接触。除了描述与力、速度和温度相关的载荷-位移行为外，这些模型还应构成计算轴承摩擦力的基础。为进一步分析滚子-肋条接触中的载荷、润滑和摩擦情况，应进行模拟实验，以支持建模。其次，使用真实轴承的试验台实验来验证计算。此外，这些测试旨在证明新的算法允许开发速度显著提高的圆锥滚子轴承。本项目中开发的方法可以为更高级地描述圆锥滚子轴承的运行行为奠定基础。此外，它们还将允许针对新型机床主轴和其他应用(如高速齿轮)对此类轴承进行特定优化。

Despite their high load rating and stiffness compared to spindle bearings, the usage of tapered roller bearings in machine tool main spindles for heavy roughing and HPC operations is not very common. This is mainly due to their low speed rating and the limited knowledge about their high speed operating behaviour.This research project pursues two major objectives: First, algorithms to describe the high speed operating behaviour of tapered roller bearings are to be developed. Generally, modelling the rolling and sliding contacts inside the bearing forms the basis for these calculations. In detail, special emphasis has to be put on the tribologically crucial, non-Hertzian roller-rib contact. Besides describing the force, speed and temperature dependent load-displacement behaviour, these models shall form the basis for calculating the bearing friction. Analogy experiments to further analyse the load, lubrication and friction conditions in the roller-rib contact shall be carried out to support the modelling.Secondly, test rig experiments with real bearings are used to verify the calculations. Additionally, these tests are designed to prove that the new algorithms allow for the development of tapered roller bearings with considerably increased speed ratings.The methods developed in this project can form the basis for more advanced descriptions of the operating behaviour of tapered roller bearings. Additionally they will allow for the specific optimisation of such bearings for the application in new types of machine tool main spindles and other applications like high speed gears.