RAPID: Deployment of a Field Rheometer Prototype

RAPID：现场流变仪原型的部署

• 批准号: 2241489
• 负责人: Stephan Kolzenburg
• 金额: $ 5.26万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Buffalo
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-15 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2241489&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Deployment; Field; Rheometer; Prototype

This project deploys a field rheometer prototype to the reawakened eruption at Geldingadalir Volcano, Iceland with the goal to test its field performance and to gather the first ever rheological data on active Icelandic Mid Ocean Ridge Basalts (MORB) in the field. Access to active lava flows is challenging due to the unpredictable nature of the timing and occurrence of effusive eruptions. This eruption, which started August 3, 2022, provides unparalleled ease of access to active lava flows whose nature is sufficiently “well behaved” to facilitate in-situ measurements of lava properties. This project strives to achieve two fundamental goals: 1) Travel to Iceland to deploy the field rheometer prototype to collect the first field measurements with this device and test its limits. 2) Performing a series of two-phase (melt+crystals) experiments at the temperatures, shear rates, and fO2 of lava measured at Geldingadalir Volcano. Combined, this enables this team to collect the first field measurements of the rheology of Icelandic MORB lavas and to deduce the effect of bubbles on three-phase rheology by contrasting the field measurements (with bubbles) and lab measurements (bubble-free). InSAR data published by the Icelandic Meteorological Office suggest higher magma influx rates for this eruption than for the 2021 eruption. This could mean either that the eruption lasts longer than that of 2021 or it could mean that much of the available lava is erupted through the pathway created during the previous eruptive event over a short period of time. Accurate forecasting of lava flow paths and advance rates is crucial to hazard mitigation ahead of and during effusive events, civil protection, and management of ongoing eruptive crises. This task has been hampered largely by an incomplete understanding of multiphase (melt+crystals+bubbles) lava rheology. Field viscosity measurements are extremely rare and largely limited to a narrow compositional range (dominated by Hawaiian Basalts). This highlights the dire need for more, and better in-situ measurements on a broader range of compositions. While our understanding of the flow properties of lavas has advanced significantly over the past two to three decades, two core limitations have always remained: 1) Accurate reproduction of natural emplacement conditions (scale, textures, fO2) 2) The inability to maintain three-phase suspensions in the lab (bubbles escape on experimental timescale, limiting measurements to two-phase crystals-melt suspensions). Measuring the viscosity of lava in the field removes both limitations. Importantly, when combined with bubble free lab measurements it has the potential to quantify the effect of bubbles on multiphase lava rheology. This project therefore has the potential to address some of the major limiting factors to advancing our understanding of lava flow emplacement for decades. Results will be shared with stakeholders within and beyond the scientific community, and some samples and tools from this work will be incorportated into the Buffalo Museum of Science. Project insights will also be incorporated into hands on exercises in the UB EarthEd program, providing content for K12 educators.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目将田间流变仪的原型部署到冰岛的Geldingadalir火山的重新启发，目的是测试其现场性能，并收集有关该领域中活跃的冰岛中海山脊（MORB）的第一条流变学数据。由于时机的不可预测性质和爆发的发生性质，获得活跃的熔岩流是具有挑战性的。这次爆发开始于2022年8月3日开始，可轻松访问其性质的活动性熔岩流，其性质充分“表现良好”，可以促进熔岩特性的原位测量。该项目努力实现两个基本目标：1）前往冰岛部署田间流变仪原型，以使用此设备收集第一个现场测量并测试其限制。 2）在Geldingadalir Volcano测得的熔岩的温度，剪切速率和FO2上，进行一系列两相（熔体+晶体）实验。结合在一起，这使该团队能够收集冰岛摩擦熔岩流变学的第一个现场测量值，并通过将场测量（与气泡）和实验室测量（无气泡）进行对比，从而推断出气泡对三相流变学的影响。冰岛气象局发布的INS数据表明，这次喷发的岩浆影响率高于2021年的喷发。这可能意味着喷发的持续时间比2021年的持续时间更长，或者可能意味着大部分可用的熔岩都是通过在短时间内在先前喷发事件中产生的途径爆发的。对熔岩流道和提前率的准确预测对于缓解危害的情况至关重要。对多相（熔体+晶体+气泡）熔岩流变学的不完全理解，这项任务在很大程度上受到了阻碍。现场粘度测量极为罕见，很大程度上限于狭窄的组成范围（以夏威夷玄武岩为主）。这突出了对更广泛构图范围的更多和更好的原位测量的方向。尽管在过去的两到三十年中，我们对熔岩流量的理解已经显着提高，但始终存在两个核心局限性：1）准确地繁殖自然的出现条件（尺度，纹理，fo2）2）无法在实验室中维持三相悬架（在实验时间表上逃脱，在实验时间表上逃脱，极限的测量，极限的测量，对两倍的悬挂式悬挂式悬挂式悬挂率，二次悬挂。测量田间熔岩的粘度可以消除这两个局限性。重要的是，当与无气泡实验室测量结合使用时，可能会量化气泡对多相熔岩流变学的影响。因此，该项目有可能解决一些主要的限制因素，以促进我们对熔岩流量扩展数十年的理解。结果将与科学界内外的利益相关者共享，这项工作的一些样本和工具将纳入布法罗科学博物馆。项目洞察力还将在UB接地计划中纳入练习中，为K12教育工作者提供内容。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子和更广泛影响的评估审查标准来通过评估来支持的。