CRII: OAC: Building Explainable Computer Architecture with Simulation and Visualization Techniques

为了实现高性能，计算系统变得越来越复杂。一方面，不同的设备被组合在一个异构平台中，使得专用应用（例如，人工智能）可以更有效地执行。另一方面，设备和系统的规模变得越来越大。计算系统的异构性和大规模使得研究人员难以理解、解释和解释参与应用程序执行的每个硬件组件的行为。现有计算机体系结构缺乏可解释性可能会导致功能错误、性能缺陷、安全漏洞和可靠性问题。该项目倡导通过增强计算机体系结构模拟器和开发有助于分析性能问题的可视化工具来构建可解释的计算机体系结构的重要性。本项目的研究成果减少了学生，特别是弱势群体学生参与计算机体系结构设计、开发和研究的障碍，开创了可解释计算机体系结构研究方向，加速了计算机体系结构研究和设计的创新。这个项目有助于一个通用的数据格式和仪器库的计算机体系结构模拟器收集执行跟踪可视化的目的。此外，该项目还开发了一种用于片上网络系统性能分析的新型数据可视化工具，有助于识别大规模和高耦合计算系统中的性能问题。 此外，该项目提供了一个教育游戏，基于模拟器和可视化工具，在这个项目中开发，以支持K-12计算机科学教育。最后，使用通过设计的研究方法，从这个项目中吸取的经验指导社区设计未来的“解释者-解释者”计算机体系结构。这个奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为是值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。

Computing systems are getting more and more complex to achieve high performance. On the one hand, different devices are combined in one heterogeneous platform so that specialized applications (e.g., artificial intelligence) can execute more efficiently. On the other hand, the scale of devices and systems is getting much larger. The heterogeneity and the massive scale of computing systems make it challenging for researchers to understand, interpret, and explain the behavior of each hardware component that participates in application execution. The lack of explainability of existing computer architectures can potentially lead to functional bugs, performance drawbacks, security vulnerabilities, and reliability problems. This project advocates the importance of building Explainable Computer Architecture by enhancing computer architecture simulators and developing visualization tools that help analyze performance issues. The research outcome of this project reduces the barriers for students, especially students from underrepresented groups, to participate in computer architecture design, development, and research.This project initiates the Explainable Computer Architecture research direction, which can accelerate innovation in computer architecture research and design. This project contributes to a universal data format and instrumentation library for computer architecture simulators to collect execution traces for visualization purposes. Additionally, this project develops a novel data visualization tool for network-on-chips system performance analysis, facilitating the identification of performance issues in large-scale and highly-coupled computing systems. Moreover, this project delivers an educational game, based on the simulator and the visualization tool developed in this project, to support K-12 computer science education. Finally, using a research-through-design approach, the experiences learned from this project guide the community to design future ``easier-to-explain'' computer architectures.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.