Collaborative Research: SaTC: CORE: Medium: Cryptographic accumulators and revocation of credentials

随着我们越来越多地在网上进行日常生活，用户认证成为许多日常任务（如购物、银行和通信）的重要组成部分。数字身份验证的常见机制是使用身份验证令牌、凭据或证书。但是，当身份验证令牌被破坏、丢失或由流氓所有者持有时，需要格外小心。在这种情况下，存在一种有效的机制来安全有效地撤销这些令牌是至关重要的。该项目的目标是为网络公钥基础设施（PKI）设计有效的吊销机制，并有可能改变网络及其他领域证书吊销的未来；我们的关键创新是使用密码累加器。本项目将侧重于部署加密累加器，以提高Web PKI中传输层安全（TLS）证书撤销机制的实用性和可及性。除了TLS之外，该项目还将通过在加密累加器上部署批处理和聚合技术来进行有效的软件有效性检查，从而关注代码签名PKI中的撤销。最后，该项目将解决审查撤销时的隐私问题，并设计能够保护物联网（IoT）连接社区用户隐私的解决方案。项目愿景还包括满足后量子安全的结构。这个项目的智力优势是双重的：首先，它将提供许多关于基本加密构建块的结果，例如加密累加器和（零知识）证明批计算/验证和聚合。这一部分的结果，虽然是为满足撤销系统的功能需求而量身定制的，但可以有更广泛的兴趣（例如，也适用于区块链可伸缩性、云上的安全计算等领域）。然后，这个项目也将有一个强大的实施和评估组件。所有提议的协议都将被实施、评估并与现有技术进行比较。原型实现将集成到实际系统中，以测试所提出的累加器协议在实际环境中的执行情况。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

As we increasingly conduct so much of our daily lives online, user authentication becomes a vital part for numerous everyday tasks such as shopping, banking and communicating. A common mechanism for digital authentication is the use of authentication tokens, credentials or certificates. Extra care needs to be taken, however, when authentication tokens are compromised, lost or held by an owner who goes rogue. In such cases, it is crucial that there exist an effective mechanism to securely and efficiently revoke such tokens. The goal of this project is to design efficient revocation mechanisms for the Web Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and potentially transform the future of certificate revocation on the web and beyond; our key innovation is the use of cryptographic accumulators. This project will focus on deploying cryptographic accumulators to improve practicality and reach of revocation mechanisms for Transport Layer Security (TLS) certificates in the Web PKI. Beyond TLS, the project will also concern itself with revocation in code-signing PKI by deploying batching and aggregation techniques on cryptographic accumulators for efficient software validity checks. Finally, the project will address privacy issues when checking revocation and will design solutions that can safeguard the privacy of users in Internet-of-Things (IoT) connected communities. The project vision also includes constructions that satisfy post-quantum security. The intellectual merits of this project are twofold: First, it will provide numerous results on fundamental cryptographic building blocks, such as cryptographic accumulators and (zero-knowledge) proof batch computation/verification and aggregation. The results of this part, while tailored to serve the functionality needs of revocation systems, can be of much broader interest (e.g., also apply in the areas of blockchain scalability, secure computation on the cloud, etc.). Then, this project will also have a strong implementation and evaluation component. All proposed protocols will be implemented, evaluated and compared with existing techniques. The prototype implementations will be integrated in real systems to test how the proposed accumulator protocols perform in real-world settings.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.