Collaborative Research: Spatio-temporal changes in Red Sea surface hydrology and controls on deep ocean circulation since the 1700s

合作研究：1700年代以来红海表面水文学的时空变化及其对深海环流的控制

• 批准号: 2303247
• 负责人: Konrad Hughen
• 金额: $ 35.51万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-07-01 至 2026-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2303247&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Spatio; temporal; changes

Understanding the variability and long-term trends in hydrography of the Indian Ocean and connected seas (e.g., Red Sea) has implications for predicting the impacts of changes in climate across the region. Red Sea ocean circulation is vital for Indian Ocean circulation and ecosystems. This circulation supplies oxygen to critical marine ecosystems within the Arabian Sea. Evaporation within the Red Sea also plays a fundamental role in the regional hydrologic cycle and freshwater balance. These are critical for the largely agrarian societies in the region. Yet, little is known about how Red Sea ocean circulation varies across years and decades in response to changes in climate. This project will generate four records of past climate and ocean changes using corals from across the eastern edge of the Red Sea. Chemical analyses of the cores will be compared with existing instrumental data to generate records of temperature, salinity and density that extend back 200-400 years. These climate and ocean records will provide insight into how Red Sea circulation patterns change across space and time in response to climate systems. This project will support two early career female scientists. The project will also support the next generation of graduate and undergraduate scientists. These students will receive mentoring and training in marine geochemistry and paleoclimate research. In addition, the PIs will participate in art-science outreach initiatives such as Synergy II. This includes exhibitions to showcase the potential for combining geochemistry and paleoclimate to understand past variability and future threats to vulnerable societies. This project will reconstruct Red Sea surface hydrography using comparisons of multi-century coral proxy records to examine the role of spatio-temporal climate variability in preconditioning the surface ocean for deep water formation. Specifically, the study will use measurements of δ18O and Sr/Ca in coral skeleton to reconstruct seasonal to multi-decadal variability in Red Sea sea surface salinity and temperature over the past 300 years. Links between the precursors for Red Sea deep ventilation in the north and broader surface ocean hydrography will be evaluated using comparisons of coral records spanning 6º of latitude. These records will test the hypothesis that variability in salinity of northward-flowing Red Sea surface currents serves as an indicator for the strength of deep ventilation. Linkages between the spatio-temporal perspective of surface ocean precursors for deep water ventilation and regional atmospheric and climate phenomena (Arctic Oscillation, AO; North Atlantic Oscillation, NAO) will be examined, utilizing observations and instrumental climate indices. These records of Red Sea variability will identify the surface controls of deep ocean circulation and constrain variability during periods of sustained warm/cold climate.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

了解印度洋和相关海域(如红海)的水文地理学的变异性和长期趋势，对于预测整个区域气候变化的影响具有重要意义。红海环流对印度洋环流和生态系统至关重要。这种环流为阿拉伯海内的关键海洋生态系统提供氧气。红海内的蒸发在区域水文循环和淡水平衡中也起着基本作用。这些对该地区以农业为主的社会至关重要。然而，人们对红海环流如何随着气候变化而变化知之甚少。该项目将使用红海东部边缘的珊瑚来生成过去气候和海洋变化的四条记录。对岩心的化学分析将与现有的仪器数据进行比较，以生成200-400年前的温度、盐度和密度记录。这些气候和海洋记录将深入了解红海环流模式如何随着气候系统的变化而跨越空间和时间。该项目将支持两名职业生涯较早的女科学家。该项目还将支持下一代研究生和本科生科学家。这些学生将接受海洋地球化学和古气候研究方面的指导和培训。此外，私人投资机构还将参与艺术科学外展活动，如协和II。这包括展览，展示结合地球化学和古气候的潜力，以了解过去的可变性和对脆弱社会的未来威胁。该项目将利用多世纪珊瑚替代记录的比较来重建红海表面水文，以检查时空气候变异性在使表层海洋形成深水预适应方面的作用。具体地说，这项研究将利用珊瑚骨架中的δ18O和锶/钙的测量来重建过去300年红海表面盐度和温度的季节变化到数十年的变化。将通过比较横跨6度纬度的珊瑚记录来评估北部红海深层通风的前兆与更广泛的表层海洋水文地貌之间的联系。这些记录将检验这样一种假设，即向北流动的红海表面洋流的盐度变化是深层通风强度的指标。将利用观测和仪器气候指数，审查深水通风的表层海洋前兆与区域大气和气候现象(北极涛动；北大西洋涛动，NAO)之间的时空联系。这些红海可变性记录将确定深海环流的表面控制，并限制持续温暖/寒冷气候时期的可变性。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。