Collaborative Proposal: RoL: The Scale of Resistance: Landscape to Microbiome-level Processes Regulating Acquired Disease Resistance

合作提案：RoL：抗性规模：调节获得性抗病性的微生物组水平过程的景观

• 批准号: 2303908
• 负责人: Carlos Becker
• 金额: $ 62.2万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-10-01 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2303908&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Proposal; RoL; Scale; Resistance

Understanding how species cope with disease in an era of global change is of fundamental importance to the field of ecology and to the stability of wildlife populations. Anthropogenic deforestation is frequently associated with increases in wildlife disease. These patterns are expected to stem from both landscape-scale processes, such as changes in animal movement and disease transmission, and fine-scale processes, such as changes in the community of microbes that inhabit animal tissues (collectively termed the microbiome), but the interplay between these multi-scale processes is unresolved. This project investigates the relationship between deforestation and the microbiome to explain patterns of disease emergence across a range of disturbed environments, using amphibians of Brazil’s Atlantic Forest as a model system. Work here stands apart from previous studies by integrating landscape-scale and microbe-scale processes into a unified framework that will advance microbial, disease, and global change ecology. This project implements a diversity recruitment program for graduate students with support from the Louis Stokes Alliance for Minority Participation Program at the University of Alabama and other funding sources at the University of Massachusetts-Boston. In partnership with the Alabama Museum of Natural History, portable mini exhibits and school activities w will be manufactured and implemented to narrow the K-12 science education gap in one of the most underserved areas in the nation. It is predicted that these exhibits will reach 66,000 students annually in five county school districts in Alabama.The diverse assemblages of microbes that inhabit vertebrate hosts, collectively termed the microbiome, are vital to animal health. However, links between the host microbiome and emerging wildlife diseases are rarely considered within a landscape ecology framework. Repeated exposure to pathogens may alter community dynamics within the host microbiome and can promote competitive microbial interactions and host responses that may enrich the microbiome with anti-pathogen members. This form of acquired pathogen resistance, termed microbiome memory, may facilitate host recovery and prime the host after subsequent pathogen exposures. Anthropogenic habitat fragmentation notoriously restricts host movement at the landscape scale, which may alter rates of pathogen exposure that are critical for establishing microbiome memory prior to seasonal increases in pathogen pressure. This project will investigate interactive effects of anthropogenic habitat disturbance and host microbiome dynamics as a mechanism to explain observed increases in disease risk in fragmented landscapes, using amphibians of Brazil’s Atlantic Forest as a model system. The selection acting on amphibian skin microbiomes in a survey of three amphibian species with seasonal pathogen dynamics across a gradient of landscape fragmentation will be examined. Also, field experiments will be conducted using microbiome manipulation, host translocation, and radio telemetry to test for mechanisms linking habitat fragmentation, disease, and the host microbiome independently from other components of host immunity. This work will generate a robust dataset integrating landscape ecology with a metacommunity theory of adaptive microbiomes, with novel implications for host resistance to disease and the maintenance and stability of biological diversity.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

了解物种如何在全球变化的时代应对疾病，对生态学领域和野生动物种群的稳定至关重要。人为砍伐森林常常与野生动物疾病的增加有关。这些模式预计源于景观尺度的过程，如动物运动和疾病传播的变化，以及精细尺度的过程，如栖息在动物组织中的微生物群落的变化（统称为微生物组），但这些多尺度过程之间的相互作用尚未解决。该项目利用巴西大西洋森林的两栖动物作为模型系统，研究了森林砍伐与微生物组之间的关系，以解释在一系列受干扰的环境中疾病出现的模式。这里的工作与以前的研究不同，将景观尺度和微生物尺度的过程整合到一个统一的框架中，将促进微生物、疾病和全球变化生态学。该项目在阿拉巴马大学路易斯·斯托克斯少数民族参与联盟项目和马萨诸塞大学波士顿分校的其他资金来源的支持下，为研究生实施了多元化招聘计划。在与阿拉巴马州自然历史博物馆的合作下，我们将制作和实施便携式迷你展览和学校活动，以缩小这个国家最缺乏服务的地区之一的K-12科学教育差距。据预测，这些展览每年将吸引阿拉巴马州五个县学区的66,000名学生。栖息在脊椎动物宿主体内的各种微生物组合，统称为微生物组，对动物健康至关重要。然而，宿主微生物群与新出现的野生动物疾病之间的联系很少在景观生态学框架内考虑。反复暴露于病原体可能会改变宿主微生物组内的群落动态，并可以促进竞争性微生物相互作用和宿主反应，从而丰富具有抗病原体成员的微生物组。这种形式的获得性病原体抗性，被称为微生物组记忆，可以促进宿主恢复，并在随后的病原体暴露后为宿主做好准备。众所周知，人为栖息地破碎化限制了宿主在景观尺度上的运动，这可能改变病原体暴露率，而病原体暴露率对于在病原体压力季节性增加之前建立微生物组记忆至关重要。该项目将以巴西大西洋森林的两栖动物为模型系统，研究人为栖息地干扰和宿主微生物群落动态的相互作用，作为解释破碎景观中观察到的疾病风险增加的机制。选择作用于两栖动物皮肤微生物组的调查与季节性病原体动态跨景观破碎化梯度的三种两栖动物将被检查。此外，将利用微生物组操作、宿主易位和无线电遥测技术进行实地实验，以测试将栖息地破碎化、疾病和宿主微生物组独立于宿主免疫的其他组成部分联系起来的机制。这项工作将产生一个整合景观生态学和适应性微生物群元群落理论的强大数据集，对宿主抗病和生物多样性的维持和稳定具有新的意义。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Habitat split as a driver of disease in amphibians

• DOI: 10.1111/brv.12927
• 发表时间: 2023-01-04
• 期刊: BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
• 影响因子: 10
• 作者: Becker, C. Guilherme;Greenspan, Sasha E. E.;Savage, Anna E. E.
• 通讯作者: Savage, Anna E. E.

Selection of an anti-pathogen skin microbiome following prophylaxis treatment in an amphibian model system

• DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0126
• 发表时间: 2023-06
• 期刊: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
• 作者: Samantha A. Siomko;Sasha E. Greenspan;K. Barnett;Wesley J. Neely;Stanislava Chtarbanova;D. Woodhams;T. McMahon;C. Becker