Postdoctoral Fellowship: EAR-PF: Feedbacks Between Controls of Stream Dry-Down Responses at the Rain-Snow Transition

博士后奖学金：EAR-PF：雨雪转变时河流干涸响应控制之间的反馈

• 批准号: 2305601
• 负责人: Maggi Kraft
• 金额: $ 18万
• 依托单位: Kraft, Maggi A
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2024-01-01 至 2025-12-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2305601&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Postdoctoral; Fellowship; EAR; PF; Feedbacks

Dr. Maggi Kraft has been awarded an NSF Earth Sciences Postdoctoral Fellowship to carry out research and professional development activities under the mentorship of Dr. Sarah Godsey at Idaho State University. The western United States relies on snow for water resources. In the same region, the majority of streams fed by snowmelt and rain are non-perennial with streamflow disappearing for at least a portion of the year. Warming global temperatures are shifting the precipitation phase from snow to rain, but the impacts of shifting snowfall fraction in non-perennial streams are not clear. This research will merge concepts of snowmelt processes, vegetation dynamics, and soil properties across three watersheds spanning the rain-snow transition to understand how precipitation phase affects stream wetting and drying. These interactions are particularly important in controlling streamflow responses across the rain-snow transition where vegetation, snow, and soils are interrelated and sensitive to changing temperatures. While these concepts have been evaluated in a piecewise manner, they have not yet been integrated to allow us to accurately predict non-perennial streamflow response to changing snow inputs. This research will advance the science of non-perennial stream ecosystems and provide relevant information for managing natural resources. Additionally, this project will develop two education and outreach opportunities via developing and leading a workshop focused on the analysis of streamflow presence-absence data and mentoring an undergraduate student to develop, implement and present an interdisciplinary research project. Non-perennial streamflow response to shifts in snow represents a fundamental gap in our understanding of hydrologic behavior. Watersheds spanning the rain-snow transition, where precipitation shifts phase between snow and rain, provide an ideal location to study streamflow response to the shifting precipitation phase. Across the rain-snow transition feedbacks between vegetation, snow, and soil are interrelated thus, evaluation of coupled observations is needed to accurately predict streamflow response to changing snow water availability. However, there is a lack of integrated studies linking daily signals of snowmelt, transpiration, and soil moisture in non-perennial watersheds. The focus of this research is to study the response of non-perennial stream dry-down and wet-up to interactions between snow, rain, vegetation, and soils. This research will be carried out in three watersheds spanning the rain-snow transition in the semi-arid western U.S. using measurements of snow depth, sap flux, stream water presence-absence, soil moisture, and high-resolution satellite imagery. The satellite-derived and ground-based snowmelt, transpiration, and soil moisture observations will be compared to the annual and diel stream wet-dry cycle response. High-resolution soil depth maps will be created to evaluate how soil water capacity, snow storage, and vegetation modulate rain or snow water inputs and non-perennial streamflow. This research will advance the science of non-perennial stream ecosystems and provide relevant information for managing natural resources.This project is jointly funded by the Division of Earth Science Postdoctoral Fellowship Program and the Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

Maggi Kraft博士被授予NSF地球科学博士后奖学金，在爱达荷州州立大学Sarah Godsey博士的指导下开展研究和专业发展活动。美国西部的水资源依赖于雪。在同一地区，大多数由融雪和雨水补给的溪流都是非常年性的，一年中至少有一部分时间溪流消失。全球气温变暖正在将降水阶段从雪转变为雨，但非常年河流中降雪量变化的影响尚不清楚。这项研究将融合融雪过程，植被动力学和土壤特性的概念，跨越三个流域的雨雪过渡，以了解降水阶段如何影响流湿润和干燥。这些相互作用是特别重要的，在控制径流响应在雨雪过渡植被，雪和土壤是相互关联的，并对温度变化敏感。虽然这些概念已被评估在一个分段的方式，他们还没有被整合，使我们能够准确地预测非常年径流响应不断变化的雪输入。这项研究将推进非常年河流生态系统的科学，并为管理自然资源提供相关信息。此外，该项目将开发两个教育和推广机会，通过开发和领导一个研讨会，重点是分析径流存在-不存在的数据和指导本科生开发，实施和提出一个跨学科的研究项目。非常年径流对雪变化的响应是我们对水文行为理解的一个根本性空白。跨越雨雪过渡的流域，在雪和雨之间的降水变化阶段，提供了一个理想的位置来研究径流响应的变化降水阶段。在整个雨雪过渡植被，雪和土壤之间的反馈是相互关联的，因此，需要评估耦合观测准确地预测径流响应不断变化的雪水可用性。然而，有一个综合性的研究，连接在非常年流域的融雪，蒸腾作用和土壤水分的日常信号。本研究的重点是研究非常年性河流的干涸和湿润对雪、雨、植被和土壤之间相互作用的响应。这项研究将在美国西部半干旱地区跨越雨雪过渡的三个流域进行，使用雪深，树液通量，溪流水存在与否，土壤湿度和高分辨率卫星图像的测量。将把卫星和地面的融雪、蒸腾和土壤湿度观测结果与年度和昼夜流干湿循环响应进行比较。将制作高分辨率土壤深度图，以评估土壤水容量、雪储存和植被如何调节雨水或雪水输入和非常年径流。该研究将促进非常年河流生态系统的科学发展，并为管理自然资源提供相关信息。该项目由地球科学部博士后奖学金计划和促进竞争性研究的既定计划（EPSCoR）共同资助。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查进行评估，被认为值得支持的搜索.