NSF PRFB FY23: Does bacterial endospore formation affect host-microbe codiversification?

这一行动为NSF 2023财年生物学博士后研究奖学金提供了资金，综合研究调查了支配基因组、环境和表型之间相互作用的生命规则。该奖学金支持研究员的研究和培训，这些研究员将以创新的方式为生活规则领域做出贡献。动物需要肠道中的微生物来消化食物，但目前尚不清楚相同的微生物是否与相同的动物物种长期生活在一起。目前还不清楚是什么特性允许一些微生物谱系与同一动物物种长期生活在一起。这项研究将使用活微生物和啮齿动物粪便中的微生物DNA来观察某些微生物谱系是否会与同一动物宿主物种保持许多世代。该项目还将确定这一过程是否主要发生在缺乏帮助它们生活在肠道外的结构的微生物身上。这项研究的结果将使预测哪些微生物与同一动物物种长期生活在一起成为可能。这位研究员还将为其他科学家制作一个在线教程，以学习如何将这种方法用于其他动物微生物系统。该项目将使用高通量培养和计算方法在两个啮齿动物系统中测试哺乳动物和微生物的共同多样性。DNA将从博物馆的东南亚和北美啮齿动物物种的粪便样本中提取，并进行测序，以组装细菌元基因组组装基因组(MAG)。从MAGS推断的细菌系统发育将被用来测试与啮齿动物宿主系统发育的一致性，表明这些生物之间存在长期的联系。此外，在厌氧条件下，将使用一套不同的生长介质从粪便中培养和分离细菌。将对细菌分离株进行内孢子形成的检测，并将使用系统发育多水平模型来测试内孢子形成和与宿主的共多样化之间的关联。识别共同多样化的微生物和影响这种模式的机制将提供对脊椎动物微生物群如何组装的洞察。这位研究员将接受培养、计算和统计技术方面的培训，同时将博物馆标本的使用扩展到宿主-微生物生态的机械研究。通过与芝加哥大学SACNAS分会合作，招募3名本科生组成同行研究社区，测试他们自己的共同多元化假说，STEM中代表性不足的群体的参与将得到扩大。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This action funds an NSF Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Biology for FY 2023, Integrative Research Investigating the Rules of Life Governing Interactions Between Genomes, Environment, and Phenotypes. The fellowship supports research and training of the fellow that will contribute to the area of Rules of Life in innovative ways. Animals need microbes in their guts to digest food, but it is unclear whether the same microbes live with the same animal species over long time periods. It is also unknown what characteristics allow some microbial lineages to live with the same animal species for a long time. This study will use live microbes and microbial DNA from rodent feces to see if certain microbial lineages stay with the same animal host species for many generations. The project will also determine if this process occurs primarily in microbes that lack structures that help them live outside the gut. Results of this fellowship will enable predictions of which microbes live with the same animal species for long time periods. The fellow will also make an online tutorial for other scientists to learn how to use this method with other animal-microbe systems. This project will test for codiversification of mammals and microbes in two rodent systems using high-throughput culturing and computational approaches. DNA will be extracted from museum fecal samples of Southeast Asian and North American rodent species and sequenced to assemble bacterial metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). Bacterial phylogenies inferred from the MAGs will be used to test for congruence with rodent host phylogenies, indicating a long-term association between these organisms. Additionally, bacteria will be cultured and isolated from the feces using a suite of diverse growth media under anaerobic conditions. Bacterial isolates will be assayed for endospore formation, and phylogenetic multilevel modeling will be used to test for an association between endospore formation and codiversification with the host. Identification of codiversifying microorganisms and mechanisms that affect this pattern will provide insight into how vertebrate microbiomes are assembled. The fellow will be trained in culturing, computational, and statistical techniques while extending the use of museum specimens to mechanistic studies of host-microbe ecology. Participation of underrepresented groups in STEM will be broadened through working with the University of Chicago’s SACNAS chapter to recruit 3 undergraduates to form a peer research community that will test their own codiversification hypotheses.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.