Collaborative Research: RUI: Uncovering eusocial pathways and consequences: Phylogenomics, morphological, and molecular evolution in Synalpheus snapping shrimps.

合作研究：RUI：揭示真社会途径和后果：鳄虾的系统基因组学、形态学和分子进化。

• 批准号: 2306957
• 负责人: Tin Chi Solomon Chak
• 金额: $ 50.67万
• 依托单位: SUNY College at Old Westbury
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-06-15 至 2023-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2306957&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; RUI; Uncovering; eusocial

Typified by obligate group living and reproductive division of labor, eusocial behavior is considered the apex of animal social organization. Within a eusocial colony, a single or subset of individuals (queens) perform all reproductive duties while others (workers) forgo their own reproduction and undertake tasks related to brood care, nest maintenance, or resource acquisition. This profound and ecologically impactful behavioral transition has arisen at least 19 times in animals. Remarkably, nearly one fourth of known evolutionary origins of eusociality have occurred within a genus of sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps called Synalpheus. However, why and how eusociality evolved in these aquatic animals remains unclear and the answers to these questions may reveal potential universal requirements or consequences relating to advanced social complexity. This project seeks to reconstruct the evolutionary relationships between species in this genus to identify morphological and genomic changes that are associated with the transitions to advanced sociality. The project will generate open access resources that will be used to test potentially universal “laws” related to social evolution across animal lineages. The project will also support numerous research opportunities for undergraduate students as well as educational content for K-12 schools and web-based channels.The project will generate genomic and phenotypic data spanning about 130 species of Synalpheus snapping shrimps worldwide. These data will be used to 1) reconstruct a dated phylogeny of Synalpheus taxa using phylogenomic methods; 2) evaluate the relationship between eusociality and molecular evolution; and 3) recover morphological preadaptations and consequences of eusociality. Genomic data will be sequenced through targeted enrichment of previously published and newly developed probe sets. Morphological data will be generated through traditional microscopy and X-ray based micro-CT-scanning of closely related species spanning different social organizations. Both genomic and phenotypic data will be analyzed using phylogenetic comparative methods enabled with initial phylogenetic products. Project activities will identify patterns of molecular evolution between eusocial and non-eusocial species to test hypotheses suggesting that social organization affects rates of molecular evolution via demographic effects such as reduced effective population sizes and increased generation time. Through 3D morphometric analyses, the project will work to uncover morphological preadaptations to eusocial origins, impacts of social behavior on morphological evolution, and putatively contingent or deterministic pathways toward convergent phenotypic syndromes.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

以专性群体生活和生殖分工为典型，真社会行为被认为是动物社会组织的顶点。在一个真社会群体中，一个或一部分个体（蚁后）执行所有的生殖职责，而其他个体（工蚁）放弃自己的生殖，承担与育雏、维护巢穴或获取资源有关的任务。这种深刻的、对生态有影响的行为转变在动物身上至少发生了19次。值得注意的是，近四分之一已知的真社会性进化起源发生在一种名为Synalpheus的海绵居住的咬虾属中。然而，为什么以及如何eusociality进化在这些水生动物仍然不清楚，这些问题的答案可能揭示潜在的普遍要求或后果有关先进的社会复杂性。该项目旨在重建该属物种之间的进化关系，以确定与高级社会性过渡相关的形态和基因组变化。该项目将产生开放获取的资源，用于测试与动物谱系社会进化相关的潜在普遍“定律”。该项目还将为本科生提供大量研究机会，并为K-12学校和基于网络的渠道提供教育内容。该项目将生成全球约130种Synalpheus snapping shrimp的基因组和表型数据。这些数据将用于：1）使用基因组学方法重建Synalpheus分类群的过时的进化史; 2）评估真社会性和分子进化之间的关系; 3）恢复形态学的预适应和真社会性的后果。基因组数据将通过对先前发表的和新开发的探针集进行靶向富集来测序。形态学数据将通过传统的显微镜和基于X射线的显微CT扫描产生，这些数据来自不同社会组织的密切相关物种。基因组和表型数据将使用系统发育比较方法进行分析，该方法使用初始系统发育产物。项目活动将确定真社会性和非真社会性物种之间的分子进化模式，以检验社会组织通过减少有效种群规模和增加世代时间等人口效应影响分子进化速率的假设。通过3D形态测量分析，该项目将致力于揭示形态学对真社会起源的预适应，社会行为对形态学进化的影响，以及走向趋同表型综合征的偶然或确定性途径。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。