Collaborative Research: RUI: Uncovering eusocial pathways and consequences: Phylogenomics, morphological, and molecular evolution in Synalpheus snapping shrimps.

合作研究：RUI：揭示真社会途径和后果：鳄虾的系统基因组学、形态学和分子进化。

• 批准号: 2345470
• 负责人: Tin Chi Solomon Chak
• 金额: $ 50.67万
• 依托单位: Denison University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-08-15 至 2026-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2345470&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; RUI; Uncovering; eusocial

Typified by obligate group living and reproductive division of labor, eusocial behavior is considered the apex of animal social organization. Within a eusocial colony, a single or subset of individuals (queens) perform all reproductive duties while others (workers) forgo their own reproduction and undertake tasks related to brood care, nest maintenance, or resource acquisition. This profound and ecologically impactful behavioral transition has arisen at least 19 times in animals. Remarkably, nearly one fourth of known evolutionary origins of eusociality have occurred within a genus of sponge-dwelling snapping shrimps called Synalpheus. However, why and how eusociality evolved in these aquatic animals remains unclear and the answers to these questions may reveal potential universal requirements or consequences relating to advanced social complexity. This project seeks to reconstruct the evolutionary relationships between species in this genus to identify morphological and genomic changes that are associated with the transitions to advanced sociality. The project will generate open access resources that will be used to test potentially universal “laws” related to social evolution across animal lineages. The project will also support numerous research opportunities for undergraduate students as well as educational content for K-12 schools and web-based channels.The project will generate genomic and phenotypic data spanning about 130 species of Synalpheus snapping shrimps worldwide. These data will be used to 1) reconstruct a dated phylogeny of Synalpheus taxa using phylogenomic methods; 2) evaluate the relationship between eusociality and molecular evolution; and 3) recover morphological preadaptations and consequences of eusociality. Genomic data will be sequenced through targeted enrichment of previously published and newly developed probe sets. Morphological data will be generated through traditional microscopy and X-ray based micro-CT-scanning of closely related species spanning different social organizations. Both genomic and phenotypic data will be analyzed using phylogenetic comparative methods enabled with initial phylogenetic products. Project activities will identify patterns of molecular evolution between eusocial and non-eusocial species to test hypotheses suggesting that social organization affects rates of molecular evolution via demographic effects such as reduced effective population sizes and increased generation time. Through 3D morphometric analyses, the project will work to uncover morphological preadaptations to eusocial origins, impacts of social behavior on morphological evolution, and putatively contingent or deterministic pathways toward convergent phenotypic syndromes.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

以专责的群体生活和生殖分工为代表的社会行为被认为是动物社会组织的顶峰。在一个社会群体中，单个个体或一群个体(蚁后)履行所有生殖职责，而其他个体(工蚁)放弃自己的繁殖，承担与育苗、巢维护或资源获取相关的任务。这种深刻的、对生态有影响的行为转变至少在动物身上发生了19次。值得注意的是，在已知的进化起源中，近四分之一发生在一种名为Synalpheus的海绵栖息的虾类中。然而，为什么以及如何在这些水生动物中进化出共生社会仍然不清楚，这些问题的答案可能揭示出与高级社会复杂性有关的潜在的普遍要求或后果。这个项目试图重建该属物种之间的进化关系，以确定与向高级社会性转变相关的形态和基因组变化。该项目将产生开放获取的资源，这些资源将被用来测试与动物谱系的社会进化相关的潜在的普遍“定律”。该项目还将为本科生提供大量的研究机会，并为K-12学校和基于网络的渠道提供教育内容。该项目将生成覆盖全球约130种联结线虫的基因组和表型数据。这些数据将被用来1)利用系统基因组学方法重建Synalpheus分类群过时的系统发育；2)评估共生共生与分子进化之间的关系；3)恢复共生共生的形态预适应和结果。基因组数据将通过对以前发表的和新开发的探针组进行有针对性的浓缩来进行测序。形态数据将通过跨越不同社会组织的密切相关物种的传统显微镜和基于X射线的微CT扫描来生成。基因组和表型数据都将使用初始系统发育产品的系统发育比较方法进行分析。项目活动将确定共生社会物种和非共生物种之间的分子进化模式，以检验假设，即社会组织通过人口效应影响分子进化速度，例如减少有效种群数量和增加世代时间。通过3D形态计量学分析，该项目将致力于揭示形态对社会起源的预适应，社会行为对形态进化的影响，以及假定的偶然性或确定性的通向收敛表型综合征的路径。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。