Collaborative Research: WoU-MMA: Askaryan Radio Array: A World-Class, Forward-Looking, and Dynamic Neutrino Astrophysics Observatory From 100 PeV

该奖项将资助在南极的阿斯卡良无线电阵列（ARA）实验的继续运作。ARA由五个天线站组成，这些天线站深埋在冰中200米，旨在探测中微子在冰中相互作用产生的无线电“阿斯卡良”发射。ARA的数据集是世界上对来自天体物理源的超高能量中微子最敏感的数据集。ARA有可能首次发现UHE中微子，这是回答高能宇宙射线起源这个百年问题的关键。该奖项还为下一代电子设备的开发提供资金，这将能够识别ARA观测到的冰的复杂特性带来的任何各种特征的无线电发射。该奖项还为ARA更广泛的影响活动提供资金。ARA将继续吸引中学生、本科生和研究生参与其前沿研究。该奖项为阿斯卡扬射电阵列（ARA）的持续运行和数据采集提供资金，这是一个中微子天体物理实验，对来自天体物理源和宇宙射线诱导的宇宙相互作用的超高能量（UHE, 10^17 eV）中微子具有世界领先的灵敏度。ARA有可能在这个奖项的任期内首次发现UHE中微子，这将是迄今为止观测到的最高能量的中微子，在这个能量体系中提供宇宙距离的第一次瞥见，并且是第一次观察到比LHC产生的质心能量更高的相互作用。该合同还将开发新的ARA-Next触发系统，这是一种基于最先进的射频芯片系统（RFSoC）的多通道触发系统。ARA- next将提高ARA对中微子相互作用产生的射电发射的独特特征的灵敏度，这些特征是基于ARA对南极冰中射电脉冲的测量而预期的。该奖项还为ARA更广泛的影响活动提供资金。ARA将继续吸引中学生、本科生和研究生参与其前沿研究。此外，ARA将开发一个新的冰立方大师班计划，高中生将通过识别与ARA- next相同的签名来学习识别UHE中微子的签名。该项目将为学生提供一个渠道，这些学生将自己作为本科生为ARA研究做出贡献。该奖项与美国国家科学基金会的“宇宙之窗：多信使天体物理学时代”的大构想是一致的，因为它协调了多信使观测的使用，利用了可能从宇宙最高能量的宇宙粒子源中检测到的最高能量的中微子。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This award funds the continued operation of the Askaryan Radio Array (ARA) experiment at the South Pole. ARA consists of five stations of antennas embedded up to 200m deep in the ice that are designed to detect radio “Askaryan” emission from neutrinos interacting in the ice. ARA’s dataset is the world’s most sensitive to ultra-high energy neutrinos from astrophysical sources. ARA has the potential to make a first discovery of UHE neutrinos, which are key to answering the century-old question of the origin of high energy cosmic rays. This award also funds the development of next-generation electronics, which will enable the identification of the radio emission with any of the variety of signatures brought about by complex properties of the ice that have been observed by ARA. This award also funds ARA’s broader impacts activities. ARA will continue to engage secondary-school, undergraduate, and graduate students in its cutting-edge research.This award funds continued operations and data taking for the Askaryan Radio Array (ARA), a neutrino astrophysics experiment with world-leading sensitivity to ultra-high energy (UHE, 10^17 eV) neutrinos expected from astrophysical sources and cosmic-ray induced cosmogenic interactions. ARA has the potential to make a first discovery of UHE neutrinos over the term of this award, which would be the highest energy neutrinos ever observed, provide a first glimpse of the universe at cosmic distances in this energy regime, and be the first observation of interactions at higher center-of-mass energies than those produced the LHC. This award will also enable the development of the new ARA-Next triggering system, a multi-channel triggering system based on the state-of-the-art Radio Frequency System on a Chip (RFSoC). ARA-Next would increase ARA’s sensitivity to unique signatures of radio emission from neutrino interactions that are expected based on ARA’s measurements of radio impulses in the South Pole ice. This award also funds ARA’s broader impacts activities. ARA will continue to engage secondary-school, undergraduate, and graduate students in its cutting-edge research. In addition, ARA will develop a new IceCube Masterclass program where high school students will learn about identifying signatures of UHE neutrinos by identifying the same signatures as ARA-Next. The program will serve as a pipeline for students who will themselves contribute to ARA research as undergraduates.The award is aligned with the NSF Big Idea of Windows on the Universe: the Era of Multi-messenger Astrophysics as it coordinates the use of multi-messenger observations utilizing potentially the highest energy neutrinos ever detected which might arise from the universe's highest energy cosmic sources of particles.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.