Doctoral Dissertation Research: Blacksmithing Traditions and Social Relationships of Early Historic Ironworkers

博士论文研究：铁匠传统和早期历史钢铁工人的社会关系

• 批准号: 2310086
• 负责人: Jonathan Kenoyer
• 金额: $ 3.07万
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Madison
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-04-01 至 2025-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2310086&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Blacksmithing; Traditions

This doctoral dissertation research project investigates how archaeometallurgy and computer science can reveal blacksmithing traditions and the relationships between blacksmiths, their elite patrons, and religious consumers by examining early historic Iron Age materials. A “blacksmithing tradition,” is a body of knowledge and skills that craftspeople practice throughout their lives that is passed down through apprenticeships from one generation to the next and creates technological patterns in the archaeological record. Uncovering the blacksmithing traditions that created iron tools can reveal how social relationships incentivized speed or care in iron production. Blacksmiths’ patrons may have needed iron objects as quickly as possible to rapidly construct religious buildings, or patrons may have wanted iron objects carefully crafted to promote their quality and longevity for the sake of religious groups. Additionally, blacksmiths may have supplied religious groups with iron objects after the initial construction in an ad hoc manner to repair structures out of a sense of spiritual duty. Revealing relationships between blacksmiths, their patrons, and religious officials in the ancient past allows for comparison to modern blacksmiths who have been marginalized. In the research region female blacksmiths have been common practitioners, but large gender disparities in the labor market and STEM fields still exist. By revealing the unique material and social contributions of relevant earlier ironworkers, this project hopes to honor and inspire living blacksmiths, both male and female, and educate the general public about their craft.Two questions guide this project. First, which was more important to the elites and the blacksmiths, the prestige of having the religious monument built quickly, or the piety of having the religious monument built well? Second, how can present day scientists use ancient iron objects to reveal blacksmithing traditions and the social relationships influencing those traditions? Iron objects are studied with optical and scanning electron microscopy, innovative image analysis, and chemical analysis of both residual metal and slag inclusions. Through these analyses, the researcher quantifies the patterns in chemical and microstructural signatures of iron objects caused by blacksmithing tradition(s). These signatures show if speed or care was incentivized in the blacksmithing tradition(s). Moreover, blacksmithing tradition(s) are examined in the context of visually and algorithmically created typologies whose groups and sub-groups enable researchers to see if blacksmiths worked together in one localized large group, multiple separated large groups, or if they worked in smaller groups in an ad hoc manner.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该博士学位论文研究项目调查了档案库的铝制和计算机科学如何通过检查早期历史铁器时代的材料来揭示铁匠传统以及铁匠，精英顾客和宗教消费者之间的关系。 “锻造传统”是一种知识和技能的体系，工匠一生都通过学徒制练习，从一代到另一代，并在档案记录中创造了技术模式。揭示创建铁工具的锻造传统可以揭示社会关系如何激励铁生产中的速度或护理。铁匠的顾客可能需要尽快迅速建造宗教建筑，或者顾客可能希望精心制作的铁对象，以促进其质量和寿命，以促进其宗教团体。此外，铁匠可能以临时的方式为宗教团体提供了铁对物体，以通过精神义务来修复结构。在过去的过去，揭示铁匠，他们的顾客和宗教官员之间的关系可以与被边缘化的现代铁匠进行比较。在研究领域，女性铁匠一直是普通从业者，但是劳动力市场和STEM领域的性别差异仍然很大。通过揭示相关早期的熨斗的独特材料和社会贡献，该项目希望尊重和激发男性和女性的活铁匠，并向公众教育其工艺。两个问题指导该项目。首先，这对精英和铁匠来说更重要，使宗教纪念碑迅速建立的声望，还是使宗教纪念碑良好建造的虔诚？其次，呈现的一日科学家如何使用古老的铁对象来揭示锻造的传统和社会关系影响这些传统？铁对象是具有光学和扫描电子显微镜，创新图像分析以及残留金属和炉渣包裹体的化学分析的研究。通过这些分析，研究人员量化了由锻造传统引起的铁对象的化学和微结构特征的模式。这些签名表明在锻造传统中激励了速度或护理。此外，在视觉和算法创建的类型的背景下进行了锻造的传统，其群体和子群体使研究人员能够在一个本地化的大型群体，多个独立的大型团体中，或者在较小的小组中以较小的方式工作，或者是否在较小的群体中工作，或者是否在较小的群体中工作，这表明了NSF的智力和良好的支持。 标准。