Performance Guarantees for Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Station Management

该基金将资助研究，以开发有效的解决方案来管理电动汽车充电站，从而降低运营成本，缩短排队时间，减少电池退化，从而促进科学进步，促进国家繁荣。现有的快速充电站管理解决方案是基于对充电需求的保守预测，没有对车辆充电进行功率控制优化。考虑到电网供电可用性的典型限制，传统的充电解决方案可能会导致不理想的性能，包括更长的充电/排队时间和更快的电池退化。随着电池和混合动力汽车充电需求的增加，充电站的数量和多样性、分布在不同地理位置的充电站在空间和时间上的显著变化，以及可再生能源资源的间歇性给电网带来的巨大压力，预计这种结果将会加剧。该项目将通过应用动态系统、控制和优化技术来解决这些挑战，以获得新的充电站管理解决方案，保证在有限的电力供应下缩短充电时间，延长电池寿命和用户满意度，并改善电网对安全电力供应的支持。将进行产业外联，以展示成果，完善研究方向，并寻求新技术的商业化。针对高中生和本科生的电动汽车充电夏季研讨会将用于促进对STEM的参与，包括来自目前代表性不足的群体的个人。本研究旨在为最大功率约束和电网整合约束下电动汽车快速充电站充电功率管理的分区化方法奠定基础。通过将快速充电站管理建模为充电协议、充电功率分配、充电定价和电网交互方面的多目标优化问题，并受电化学电池退化、电力市场定价、本地光伏发电、车辆到电网服务和需求响应等动态因素的约束，实现了这一结果。一个关键的挑战是Lyapunov函数的构造，该函数能够将长周期优化视界分解为临时排队，短期和小规模的子问题，并保证渐近收敛到原始问题的最优解。将实施一个系统的验证和验证框架，用于虚拟原型和硬件在环测试，以研究快速充电站管理解决方案在现实条件下的性能。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This grant will fund research that enables the development of effective solutions for the management of electric vehicle charging stations that reduce operating costs, shorten queuing time, and lessen battery degradation, thereby promoting the progress of science and advancing national prosperity. Existing fast charging station management solutions are based on conservatively forecasted charging demand and do not leverage power control optimization for vehicle charging. Given typical constraints on the availability of grid-supplied power, conventional charging solutions may result in undesirable performance, including longer charging/queuing times and faster battery degradation. Such outcomes are expected to be exacerbated as projected increases in the charging needs of battery and hybrid electric vehicles, in terms of both number and diversity, significant spatial and temporal variability at geographically distributed charging stations, and intermittency of renewable power resources impose significant stresses on the electric power grid. This project will address these challenges by applying dynamic systems, control, and optimization techniques to derive new charging station management solutions that guarantee performance in terms of reduced charging time under limited power supplies, increased battery life and user satisfaction, and improved grid support for a secure power supply. Industry outreach will be conducted to present outcomes, refine research directions, and seek commercialization of new technology. Summer workshops on electric vehicle charging for high school and undergraduate students will be used to promote engagement with STEM, including of individuals from currently underrepresented groups.This research aims to develop the foundations of a compartmentalization approach to charging power management at electric vehicle fast charging stations under maximum power restrictions and grid integration constraints. It accomplishes this outcome by modeling fast charging station management as a multi-objective optimization problem in terms of charging protocols, charging power allocation, charging pricing, and power grid interactions, constrained by the dynamics of electrochemical battery degradation, electricity market pricing, local photovoltaic power generation, vehicle to grid service, and demand response. A critical challenge is the construction of a Lyapunov function that enables a decomposition of the long-period optimization horizon into temporally queued, short-term and small-scale subproblems with guaranteed asymptotic convergence to the optimal solution of the original problem. A systematic verification and validation framework for virtual prototyping and hardware-in-the-loop testing will be implemented to investigate the performance of fast charging station management solutions under real-world conditions.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.