Global Patterns in Interstate and Intrastate War Since 1750

了解战争的起因和频率是国际关系领域的中心任务。然而，20世纪初之前关于冲突的数据驱动的研究主要集中在欧洲，而忽略了世界其他地区的数百个独立国家。该项目将创建关于1750年以来州际和州内战争的全面全球数据。该项目将研究三个重要问题：(1)战争频率是否随着时间的推移而下降？(2)某些地区是否比世界其他地区更和平？(3)国家间战争是否在历史上有所下降，而国内战争是否有所增加？这些发现将有助于解决更广泛的问题，例如某些历史地区是否更暴力，战争是否随着时间的推移变得不那么致命。该项目有两个目标。第一个目标是创建一个全面的历史和公开可用的冲突数据集。目前外地的数据集需要在时间覆盖、区域覆盖、战斗人员身份和战斗死亡人数方面加以改进。该项目将通过扩展和建立国际系统(S)数据集来解决这些问题，该数据集包含自1750年以来所有州的战斗人员和战斗死亡的详细历史数据。第二个目标是定量考察跨越时间和空间的州内和州间战争的相对频率，以检验关于战争爆发的理论。该项目的成果将有助于学术了解战争的起因和战争的长期历史趋势。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Understanding the causes and frequency of war is a central mission in the field of international relations. However, data-driven work on conflict prior to the early 20th century is centered on Europe and ignores hundreds of independent states in other parts of the world. This project will create comprehensive global data on interstate and intrastate war back to 1750. The project will research three important questions: (1) Has the frequency of war declined over time? (2) Are some regions more peaceful than other regions of the world? (3) Has interstate war declined historically while intrastate war has increased? The findings will contribute to addressing broader questions such as whether certain historical regions were more violent and whether wars have become less deadly over time. The project has two goals. The first goal is to create a comprehensive historical and publicly available conflict dataset. The current datasets in the field need to be improved with respect to temporal reach, regional coverage, the identity of combatants, and battle deaths. This project will address these problems by expanding and building out the International System(s) Dataset with detailed historical data on combatant and battle fatalities for all states since 1750. The second goal is to quantitively examine the relative frequency of intrastate and interstate war across time and space to test theories on the onset of war. The results of the project will contribute to scholarship on understanding the causes of war and long-term historical trends in warfare.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.