Doctoral Dissertation Research: Functional signals of upper limb use in the collarbone

博士论文研究：锁骨上肢使用的功能信号

• 批准号: 2317012
• 负责人: Zeresenay Alemseged
• 金额: $ 3.07万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-07-15 至 2025-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2317012&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Functional; signals

One of the defining milestones in human evolutionary history is the transition to walking on two legs – bipedalism – although it is difficult to reconstruct the degree to which fossil species might have simultaneously still been active in the trees. This doctoral dissertation research project analyzes the distribution of different types of bone in the collarbone of several species who get around in different ways, to better reconstruct and understand the use of upper limbs in fossil human relatives. Shifting to a predominantly bipedal mode of locomotion is associated with several other key developments in human history, including stone tool production and use, long range hunting and associated meat preparation and consumption. Gaps have remained in approaches and have impeded the refinement of ways to identify the transition away from use of upper limbs in locomotion in human evolution; the results of this research contribute to the reconstruction of patterns of locomotion during human evolution with greater resolution. This project provides training relevant to both STEM education and clinical practice for underserved students.This project quantifies different aspects of the morphology of the primate clavicle, and the results contribute to longstanding key debates regarding upper limb use in early hominins. This study quantifies and compares variation in external clavicular shape, and the distribution of cortical and trabecular bone in the primate clavicle, throughout ontogeny and across groups with diverse locomotor adaptation. It further models how morphological variation affects the loading of the clavicle during locomotion, and finally applies these results to building context to document and interpret variation the early hominin fossil record with respect to assessing locomotor adaptation. This study further enhances the ability of researchers in biological anthropology and related fields to glean information about the degree of arboreal behavior in fossil hominins, ultimately allowing a clearer understanding of the associations between anatomy and ecology.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

人类进化史上定义的里程碑之一是向两条腿行走的过渡 - 双皮亚主义 - 尽管很难重建化石物种可能只是在树上活跃的程度。该博士学位论文研究项目分析了以不同方式到处乱逛的几种物种的锁骨中不同类型的骨头的分布，以更好地重建和了解上肢在化石人类亲戚中的使用。转移到主要的两足动物运动模式与人类历史上的其他几个关键发展有关，包括石工具的生产和使用，远距离狩猎以及相关的肉类制备和消费。差距仍然存在在方法中，并阻碍了识别从人类进化中上肢使用上肢使用的过渡的方法的改进。这项研究的结果有助于重建人类进化过程中运动模式，并以更大的分辨率重建。该项目为服务不足的学生提供了与STEM教育和临床实践相关的培训。该项目量化了灵长类动物锁骨形态的不同方面，结果促进了关于早期人类上肢使用的长期关键辩论。这项研究量化和比较了外部锁骨的变化，以及灵长类动物锁骨中的皮质和小梁骨的分布，整个个体发育以及具有不同运动适应性的群体。它进一步模拟了形态变化如何影响运动过程中锁骨的负载，并最终将这些结果应用于构建环境中，以记录和解释与评估运动适应的早期人类化石记录的变化。这项研究进一步增强了研究人员在生物学人类学和相关领域中的能力，以了解化石人本质中的栖息行为程度，最终使对解剖学和生态学之间的关联有更清晰的了解。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用基金会的智力效果来评估支持，并通过评估诚实地进行了支持。