Doctoral Dissertation Research: Functional signals of upper limb use in the collarbone

博士论文研究：锁骨上肢使用的功能信号

• 批准号: 2317012
• 负责人: Zeresenay Alemseged
• 金额: $ 3.07万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-07-15 至 2025-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2317012&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Functional; signals

One of the defining milestones in human evolutionary history is the transition to walking on two legs – bipedalism – although it is difficult to reconstruct the degree to which fossil species might have simultaneously still been active in the trees. This doctoral dissertation research project analyzes the distribution of different types of bone in the collarbone of several species who get around in different ways, to better reconstruct and understand the use of upper limbs in fossil human relatives. Shifting to a predominantly bipedal mode of locomotion is associated with several other key developments in human history, including stone tool production and use, long range hunting and associated meat preparation and consumption. Gaps have remained in approaches and have impeded the refinement of ways to identify the transition away from use of upper limbs in locomotion in human evolution; the results of this research contribute to the reconstruction of patterns of locomotion during human evolution with greater resolution. This project provides training relevant to both STEM education and clinical practice for underserved students.This project quantifies different aspects of the morphology of the primate clavicle, and the results contribute to longstanding key debates regarding upper limb use in early hominins. This study quantifies and compares variation in external clavicular shape, and the distribution of cortical and trabecular bone in the primate clavicle, throughout ontogeny and across groups with diverse locomotor adaptation. It further models how morphological variation affects the loading of the clavicle during locomotion, and finally applies these results to building context to document and interpret variation the early hominin fossil record with respect to assessing locomotor adaptation. This study further enhances the ability of researchers in biological anthropology and related fields to glean information about the degree of arboreal behavior in fossil hominins, ultimately allowing a clearer understanding of the associations between anatomy and ecology.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

人类进化史上的决定性里程碑之一是向两条腿行走（即两足行走）的转变，尽管很难重建化石物种在树上同时活跃的程度。本博士论文研究项目分析了几种以不同方式出行的物种的锁骨中不同类型骨骼的分布，以更好地重建和理解化石人类亲属的上肢使用情况。转向以双足为主的运动模式与人类历史上的其他几个关键发展有关，包括石器工具的生产和使用、远距离狩猎以及相关的肉类制备和消费。方法上仍然存在差距，并且阻碍了确定人类进化过程中不再使用上肢进行运动的转变的方法的完善；这项研究的结果有助于以更高的分辨率重建人类进化过程中的运动模式。该项目为服务不足的学生提供与 STEM 教育和临床实践相关的培训。该项目量化了灵长类锁骨形态的不同方面，其结果引发了有关早期人类上肢使用的长期关键争论。这项研究量化并比较了灵长类动物锁骨外部形状的变化，以及皮质骨和骨小梁的分布，在整个个体发育过程中以及具有不同运动适应能力的群体之间。它进一步模拟了形态变化如何影响运动过程中锁骨的负载，并最终将这些结果应用于构建背景，以记录和解释早期人类化石记录在评估运动适应方面的变化。这项研究进一步增强了生物人类学和相关领域的研究人员收集有关古人类化石中树栖行为程度的信息的能力，最终使人们能够更清楚地了解解剖学和生态学之间的关联。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。